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The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11
The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11 is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.
For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.
But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.
A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.
Short was the night, and careful Palamon Sought the next covert ere the rising sun.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11 is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.
Line 2
For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.
Line 3
But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.
Line 4
A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.
Line 5
Short was the night, and careful Palamon Sought the next covert ere the rising sun.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beverage noun US /ˈbevərɪdʒ/

any liquid suitable for drinking

From this reading “A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.”

covert noun US /ˈkoʊvərt/

a flock of coots

From this reading “Short was the night, and careful Palamon Sought the next covert ere the rising sun.”

fetters noun US /ˈfetərz/

plural of “fetter” — a shackle for the ankles or feet

From this reading “For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.”

forceful adjective US /ˈfɔːrsfəl/

characterized by or full of force or strength (often but not necessarily physical)

From this reading “But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.”

mourns verb US /mɔːrnz/

third-person singular of “mourn” — feel sadness

From this reading “While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.”

oblivion noun US /əˈblɪviən/

the state of being disregarded or forgotten

From this reading “A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.”

opium noun US /ˈoʊpiəm/

an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppy

From this reading “A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.”

revolving verb US /riˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “revolve” — turn on or around an axis or a center

From this reading “But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

rising sun adjective + noun

In this reading “Short was the night, and careful Palamon Sought the next covert ere the rising sun.”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.”

free from verb + particle

In this reading “For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.”

long years adjective + noun

In this reading “For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.”

in prison preposition + noun

In this reading “While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.”

by chance preposition + noun

through chance

In this reading “But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.”

For six preposition + noun

In this reading “For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

Arcite

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

AssistedadjectiveUS /əˈsɪstɪd/

having help; often used as a combining form

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

beveragenounUS /ˈbevərɪdʒ/

any liquid suitable for drinking

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

blissnounUS /blɪs/

a state of extreme happiness

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

boreverbUS /bɔːr/

cause to be bored

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

captivenounUS /ˈkæptɪv/

a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading Short was the night, and careful Palamon Sought the next covert ere the rising sun.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

chainsnounUS /tʃeɪnz/

metal shackles; for hands or legs

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

covertnounUS /ˈkoʊvərt/

a flock of coots

From this reading Short was the night, and careful Palamon Sought the next covert ere the rising sun.

daresnounUS /derz/

plural of “dare” — a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

destinynounUS /ˈdestəni/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

draggedverbUS /dræɡd/

inflected form of “drag” — pull, as against a resistance

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

draughtnounUS /dræft/

a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

drownedverbUS /draʊnd/

past form of “drown” — cover completely or make imperceptible

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading Short was the night, and careful Palamon Sought the next covert ere the rising sun.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

fettersnounUS /ˈfetərz/

plural of “fetter” — a shackle for the ankles or feet

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

flightnounUS /flaɪt/

a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

forcefuladjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrsfəl/

characterized by or full of force or strength (often but not necessarily physical)

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

Hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

honeynounUS /ˈhʌni/

a sweet yellow liquid produced by bees

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

hopelessadjectiveUS /ˈhoʊpləs/

without hope because there seems to be no possibility of comfort or success

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

immured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

keepernounUS /ˈkiːpər/

someone in charge of other people

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

LostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

mixedadjectiveUS /mɪkst/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

moonlessadjective

without a moon or a visible moon

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

mornnounUS /mɔːrn/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

mournsverbUS /mɔːrnz/

third-person singular of “mourn” — feel sadness

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Short was the night, and careful Palamon Sought the next covert ere the rising sun.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

oblivionnounUS /əˈblɪviən/

the state of being disregarded or forgotten

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

opiumnounUS /ˈoʊpiəm/

an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppy

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

painedadjectiveUS /peɪnd/

emotionally hurt or upset or annoyed

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

Palamon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

passionnounUS /ˈpæʃən/

a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

removeverbUS /riˈmuːv/

remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

revolvingverbUS /riˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “revolve” — turn on or around an axis or a center

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading Short was the night, and careful Palamon Sought the next covert ere the rising sun.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

sensesnounUS /ˈsensɪz/

plural of “sens” — street names for marijuana

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

ShortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Short was the night, and careful Palamon Sought the next covert ere the rising sun.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

sixthadjectiveUS /sɪksθ/

coming next after the fifth and just before the seventh in position

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

sleepyadjectiveUS /ˈsliːpi/

ready to fall asleep

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

slumbernounUS /ˈslʌmbər/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

snored

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

SoughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading Short was the night, and careful Palamon Sought the next covert ere the rising sun.

storenounUS /stɔːr/

a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

swallowedverbUS /ˈswɑːloʊd/

past form of “swallow” — pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

TwinsnounUS /twɪnz/

(mineralogy) two interwoven crystals that are mirror images on each other

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

unawareadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈwer/

(often followed by “of”) not aware

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

Wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

whate'er

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

WhichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While Arcite lives in bliss, the story turns Where hopeless Palamon in prison mourns.

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

wishesnounUS /ˈwɪʃɪz/

plural of “wish” — a specific feeling of desire

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A pleasant beverage he prepared before Of wine and honey, mixed with added store Of opium; to his keeper this he brought, Who swallowed, unaware, the sleepy draught, And snored secure till morn, his senses bound In slumber, and in long oblivion drowned.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading But when the sixth revolving year was run, And May, within the Twins, received the sun, Were it by chance, or forceful destiny, Which forms in causes first whate'er shall be, Assisted by a friend, one moonless night, This Palamon from prison took his flight.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading For six long years immured, the captive knight Had dragged his chains, and scarcely seen the light: Lost liberty and love at once he bore; His prison pained him much, his passion more; Nor dares he hope his fetters to remove, Nor ever wishes to be free from love.

Chapter 3 of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11 by John Dryden holds 155 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 155 sentences of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11 by John Dryden exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 155 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11

Common questions about reading The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11 by John Dryden on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11?

Yes. All 3916 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44050 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44050, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11 take to read?

About 326 minutes of reading across 784 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11 section by section

How to work through The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Eighteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected — Volume 11; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.