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The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14
The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ARGUMENT.
_The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.
He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]
What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.
Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ARGUMENT.
/ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/
Line 2
_The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.
Line 3
He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]
Line 4
What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.
Line 5
Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Ceres noun US /ˈsɪriz/

(Roman mythology) goddess of agriculture; counterpart of Greek Demeter

From this reading “Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.”

deities noun US /ˈdiːətiz/

plural of “deity” — any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force

From this reading “Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.”

fostering noun US /ˈfɑːstərɪŋ/

encouragement; aiding the development of something

From this reading “Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.”

invocation noun US /ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən/

a prayer asking God's help as part of a religious service

From this reading “_The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.”

prodigies noun US /ˈprɑːdədʒiz/

plural of “prodigy” — an unusually gifted or intelligent (young) person; someone whose talents excite wonder and admiration

From this reading “He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]”

soils noun US /sɔɪlz/

plural of “soil” — the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading “He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]”

specifies verb US /ˈspesəfaɪz/

third-person singular of “specify” — specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement

From this reading “He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]”

tillage noun US /ˈtɪlɑːdʒ/

arable land that is worked by plowing and sowing and raising crops

From this reading “He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

shuts up verb + adjective counted as “shut up”

refuse to talk or stop talking; fall silent

In this reading “He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]”

any way adjective + noun

In this reading “_The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.”

catalogue of verb + particle

In this reading “He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]”

in heaven preposition + noun

In this reading “He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]”

Join in verb + particle

In this reading “Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.”

All words in this reading · 147

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

addressesnounUS /ˈæˈdresɪz/

plural of “address” — (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

agriculturenounUS /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər/

a large-scale farming enterprise

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

ARGUMENTnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading ARGUMENT.

AugustusnounUS /ɑːˈɡʌstəs/

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

BacchusnounUS /ˈbækɪs/

(classical mythology) god of wine; equivalent of Dionysus

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

BeenounUS /biː/

any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

catalogueverbUS /ˈkætəlɔːɡ/

make an itemized list or catalog of; classify

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

CeresnounUS /ˈsɪriz/

(Roman mythology) goddess of agriculture; counterpart of Greek Demeter

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

complimentsnounUS /ˈkɑːmpləments/

(usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

Cæsar's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

deitiesnounUS /ˈdiːətiz/

plural of “deity” — any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

describesverbUS /dɪˈskraɪbz/

third-person singular of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

divineadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪn/

emanating from God

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

divinitynounUS /dɪˈvɪnəti/

any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

elmsnounUS /elmz/

plural of “elm” — any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

employmentsnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənts/

plural of “employment” — the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

Fauns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

forbode

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

fosteringnounUS /ˈfɑːstərɪŋ/

encouragement; aiding the development of something

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

frugaladjectiveUS /ˈfruːɡəl/

avoiding waste

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

fruitfuladjectiveUS /ˈfruːtfəl/

productive or conducive to producing in abundance

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

Georgic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

giftsnounUS /ɡɪfts/

plural of “gift” — something acquired without compensation

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

godsnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

harvestnounUS /ˈhɑːrvəst/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

hauntverbUS /hɔːnt/

follow stealthily or recur constantly and spontaneously to

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

husbandman's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

instancesnounUS /ˈɪnstənsəz/

plural of “instance” — an occurrence of something

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

invocationnounUS /ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən/

a prayer asking God's help as part of a religious service

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

JoinverbUS /dʒɔɪn/

become part of; become a member of a group or organization

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

Julius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

kinenoun

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

mastnounUS /mæst/

a vertical spar for supporting sails

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

Mæcenas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

needfuladjectiveUS /ˈniːdfəl/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

NymphsnounUS /nɪmfs/

plural of “nymph” — (classical mythology) a minor nature goddess usually depicted as a beautiful maiden

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

oxennounUS /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

plenteousadjective

affording an abundant supply

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

preservationnounUS /ˌprezərˈveɪʃən/

the activity of protecting something from loss or danger

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

prodigiesnounUS /ˈprɑːdədʒiz/

plural of “prodigy” — an unusually gifted or intelligent (young) person; someone whose talents excite wonder and admiration

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

propitiousadjectiveUS /prəˈpɪʃəs/

presenting favorable circumstances; likely to result in or show signs of success

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

propounds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

protectverbUS /prəˈtekt/

shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

raiseverbUS /reɪz/

raise the level or amount of something

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

ruraladjectiveUS /ˈrʊrəl/

living in or characteristic of farming or country life

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

safetynounUS /ˈseɪfti/

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

seasonsnounUS /ˈsiːzənz/

plural of “season” — a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

shutsverbUS /ʃʌts/

third-person singular of “shut” — move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

singverbUS /sɪŋ/

deliver by singing

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

soilsnounUS /sɔɪlz/

plural of “soil” — the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

solemnadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləm/

dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

sowverbUS /saʊ/

place (seeds) in or on the ground for future growth

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

specifiesverbUS /ˈspesəfaɪz/

third-person singular of “specify” — specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

strikesnounUS /straɪks/

plural of “strike” — a group's refusal to work in protest against low pay or bad work conditions

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

succournoun

assistance in time of difficulty

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

supplicationnoun

a prayer asking God's help as part of a religious service

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

swains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

teemingadjectiveUS /ˈtiːmɪŋ/

abundantly filled with especially living things

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

tillagenounUS /ˈtɪlɑːdʒ/

arable land that is worked by plowing and sowing and raising crops

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

toolsnounUS /tuːlz/

plural of “tool” — an implement used in the practice of a vocation

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

tracesnounUS /ˈtreɪsəz/

plural of “trace” — a just detectable amount

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

vinenounUS /vaɪn/

a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading He shows the different kinds of tillage proper to different soils; traces out the original of agriculture; gives a catalogue of the husbandman's tools; specifies the employments peculiar to each season; describes the changes of the weather, with the signs in heaven and earth that forbode them; instances many of the prodigies that happened near the time of Julius Cæsar's death; and shuts up all with a supplication to the gods for the safety of Augustus, and the preservation of Rome._[4]

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading What makes a plenteous harvest, when to turn The fruitful soil, and when to sow the corn; The care of sheep, of oxen, and of kine, And how to raise on elms the teeming vine; The birth and genius of the frugal Bee, I sing, Mæcenas, and I sing to thee.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _The poet, in the beginning of this book, propounds the general design of each Georgic: and, after a solemn invocation of all the gods, who are any way related to his subject, he addresses himself, in particular, to Augustus, whom he compliments with divinity; and, after, strikes into his business.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

YepronounUS /jiː/

an old word for “you”, speaking to more than one person

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Ye deities! who fields and plains protect, Who rule the seasons, and the year direct, Bacchus and fostering Ceres, powers divine, Who gave us corn for mast, for water, wine-- Ye Fauns, propitious to the rural swains, Ye Nymphs, that haunt the mountains and the plains, Join in my work, and to my numbers bring Your needful succour; for your gifts I sing.

Chapter 2 of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 by John Dryden holds 165 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 contain?

Chapter 2 holds 165 sentences of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 by John Dryden exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 165 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14

Common questions about reading The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 by John Dryden on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14?

Yes. All 4538 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #64337 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #64337, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 take to read?

About 378 minutes of reading across 908 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 section by section

How to work through The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14

Words and structures a reader meets early in The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Eighteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.