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The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14
The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 is here in full — 225 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14
Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ARGUMENT.
_This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.
He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.
In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.
All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 is here in full — 225 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ARGUMENT.
/ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/
Line 2
_This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.
Line 3
He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.
Line 4
In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.
Line 5
All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.
/ɔːl ˈʌðər θiːmz ðæt ˈkerləs maɪndz ˌɪnˈvaɪt ɑːr wɔːrn wɪð juːs ənˈwɜːrði miː tuː raɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

deities noun US /ˈdiːətiz/

plural of “deity” — any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force

From this reading “_This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.”

directs verb US /dərˈekts/

third-person singular of “direct” — command with authority

From this reading “_This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.”

invocation noun US /ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən/

a prayer asking God's help as part of a religious service

From this reading “_This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.”

Pales noun US /peɪlz/

plural of “pale” — a wooden strip forming part of a fence

From this reading “In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.”

propitious adjective US /prəˈpɪʃəs/

presenting favorable circumstances; likely to result in or show signs of success

From this reading “In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.”

rehearse verb US /riˈhɜːrs/

engage in a rehearsal

From this reading “In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.”

Scythian noun US /ˈsɪθiən/

a member of the ancient nomadic people inhabiting Scythia

From this reading “He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.”

themes noun US /θiːmz/

plural of “theme” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading “All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

latter part adjective + noun

In this reading “In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.”

lays down verb + adjective counted as “lay down”

institute, enact, or establish

In this reading “He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.

AlpsnounUS /ælps/

a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

Amphrysian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

Arcadia's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

Areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.

ARGUMENTnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading ARGUMENT.

AugustusnounUS /ɑːˈɡʌstəs/

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

beginsnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnz/

plural of “begin” — Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

breedingnounUS /ˈbriːdɪŋ/

elegance by virtue of fineness of manner and expression

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

bullsnounUS /bʊlz/

plural of “bull” — uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

carelessadjectiveUS /ˈkerləs/

marked by lack of attention or consideration or forethought or thoroughness; not careful

From this reading All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

chariot-race

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

complimentverbUS /ˈkɑːmpləment/

say something to someone that expresses praise

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

deitiesnounUS /ˈdiːətiz/

plural of “deity” — any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

descriptionsnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃənz/

plural of “description” — a statement that represents something in words

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

directsverbUS /dərˈekts/

third-person singular of “direct” — command with authority

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

diseasesnounUS /dɪˈziːzəz/

plural of “disease” — an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

entersverbUS /ˈentərz/

third-person singular of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

floodsnounUS /flʌdz/

plural of “flood” — the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

floweryadjectiveUS /ˈflaʊəri/

of or relating to or suggestive of flowers

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

goatsnounUS /ɡoʊts/

plural of “goat” — any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

incidentnounUS /ˈɪnsədənt/

a single distinct event

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

interweaves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

inviteverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪt/

increase the likelihood of

From this reading All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.

invocationnounUS /ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən/

a prayer asking God's help as part of a religious service

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

laysnounUS /leɪz/

plural of “lay” — a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

Lycæan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

managementnounUS /ˈmænədʒmənt/

the act of managing something

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.

murrainnoun

any disease of domestic animals that resembles a plague

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

Mæcenas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.

oxennounUS /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

PalesnounUS /peɪlz/

plural of “pale” — a wooden strip forming part of a fence

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

pasturesnounUS /ˈpæstʃərz/

plural of “pasture” — a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestock

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

pleasingadjectiveUS /ˈpliːzɪŋ/

giving pleasure and satisfaction

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

propitiousadjectiveUS /prəˈpɪʃəs/

presenting favorable circumstances; likely to result in or show signs of success

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

ragedverbUS /reɪdʒd/

past form of “rage” — behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

rehearseverbUS /riˈhɜːrs/

engage in a rehearsal

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

relatesverbUS /rɪˈleɪts/

third-person singular of “relate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

rulesnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

ruraladjectiveUS /ˈrʊrəl/

living in or characteristic of farming or country life

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

ScythiannounUS /ˈsɪθiən/

a member of the ancient nomadic people inhabiting Scythia

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

shepherdnounUS /ˈʃepərd/

a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

singverbUS /sɪŋ/

deliver by singing

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

themesnounUS /θiːmz/

plural of “theme” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

ThydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

unworthyadjectiveUS /ənˈwɜːrði/

lacking in value or merit

From this reading All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.

versenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

VirgilnounUS /ˈvɜːrdʒəl/

a Roman poet; author of the epic poem “Aeneid” (70-19 BC)

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

vulgaradjectiveUS /ˈvʌlɡər/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading He lays down rules for the breeding and management of horses, oxen, sheep, goats, and dogs; and interweaves several pleasant descriptions of a chariot-race, of the battle of the bulls, of the force of love, and of the Scythian winter.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _This book begins with the invocation of some rural deities, and a compliment to Augustus; after which Virgil directs himself to Mæcenas, and enters on his subject.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading In the latter part of the book, he relates the diseases incident to cattle; and ends with the description of a fatal murrain that formerly raged among the Alps._ Thy fields, propitious Pales, I rehearse; And sing thy pastures in no vulgar verse, Amphrysian shepherd! the Lycæan woods, Arcadia's flowery plains, and pleasing floods.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading All other themes, that careless minds invite, Are worn with use, unworthy me to write.

Chapter 4 of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 by John Dryden holds 225 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 225 sentences of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14 by John Dryden exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 225 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #64337, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 378 minutes of reading across 908 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14

Words and structures a reader meets early in The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Eighteen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volumes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Walter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The works of John Dryden, now first collected — Volume 14; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.