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The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8)
The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8)

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8) is here in full — 380 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8)
Context Illustration Reading 1/76 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.
{th}.
Italicized text delimited by underscores.
This project uses utf-8 encoded characters.
If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8)

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8) is here in full — 380 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/76 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.
Line 2
{th}.
/ˈtiːˈeɪtʃ/
Line 3
Italicized text delimited by underscores.
Line 4
This project uses utf-8 encoded characters.
Line 5
If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brackets noun US /ˈbrækəts/

plural of “bracket” — a category falling within certain defined limits

From this reading “Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.”

browser noun US /ˈbraʊzər/

a viewer who looks around casually without seeking anything in particular

From this reading “If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]”

default noun US /dɪˈfɔːlt/

loss due to not showing up

From this reading “If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]”

encoded verb US /enˈkoʊdɪd/

past form of “encode” — convert information into code

From this reading “This project uses utf-8 encoded characters.”

font noun US /fɑːnt/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading “If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]”

readable adjective US /ˈriːdəbəl/

easily deciphered

From this reading “If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]”

settings noun US /ˈsetɪŋz/

plural of “setting” — the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading “If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]”

underscores noun US /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading “Italicized text delimited by underscores.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

preceded by verb + particle counted as “precede by”

In this reading “Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.”

All words in this reading · 44

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This project uses utf-8 encoded characters.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

bracketsnounUS /ˈbrækəts/

plural of “bracket” — a category falling within certain defined limits

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

browsernounUS /ˈbraʊzər/

a viewer who looks around casually without seeking anything in particular

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

caretnoun

a mark used by an author or editor to indicate where something is to be inserted into a text

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

CharactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

checkverbUS /tʃek/

examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

curlyadjectiveUS /ˈkɜːrli/

(of hair) having curls or waves

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

defaultnounUS /dɪˈfɔːlt/

loss due to not showing up

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

delimitedadjective

having the limits or boundaries established

From this reading Italicized text delimited by underscores.

displaynounUS /dɪˈspleɪ/

something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

enounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

encodedverbUS /enˈkoʊdɪd/

past form of “encode” — convert information into code

From this reading This project uses utf-8 encoded characters.

ensureverbUS /enˈʃʊr/

make certain of

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

fontnounUS /fɑːnt/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

ipronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

installedverbUS /ˌɪnˈstɔːld/

inflected form of “instal” — set up for use

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

Italicized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Italicized text delimited by underscores.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

precededverbUS /prɪˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “precede” — be earlier in time; go back further

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

projectverbUS /ˈprɑːdʒekt/

communicate vividly

From this reading This project uses utf-8 encoded characters.

readableadjectiveUS /ˈriːdəbəl/

easily deciphered

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

settingsnounUS /ˈsetɪŋz/

plural of “setting” — the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

superscriptnoun

a character or symbol set or printed or written above and immediately to one side of another character

From this reading Characters preceded by a caret (^) are in superscript, and are enclosed in curly brackets, i. e.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading Italicized text delimited by underscores.

thnounUS /ˈtiːˈeɪtʃ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading {th}.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This project uses utf-8 encoded characters.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

underscoresnounUS /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading Italicized text delimited by underscores.

usesnounUS /ˈjuːsəz/

plural of “use” — the act of using

From this reading This project uses utf-8 encoded characters.

utf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This project uses utf-8 encoded characters.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If some characters are not readable, check your settings of your browser to ensure you have a default font installed that can display utf-8 characters.]

Chapter 1 of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8) by Richard Hurd holds 380 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8) contain?

Chapter 1 holds 380 sentences of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8), unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8) by Richard Hurd exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 380 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8)?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8)

Common questions about reading The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8) by Richard Hurd on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8)?

Yes. All 3132 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54514 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54514, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8) take to read?

About 261 minutes of reading across 627 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8) section by section

How to work through The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Characters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preceded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caret
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Superscript
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of Richard Hurd, Volume 3 (of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.