used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
abhorrencenounUS /əbˈhɔːrəns/
hate coupled with disgust
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class
From this reading I insist upon the same freedom of thought in all departments of human knowledge.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
angelicadjectiveUS /ˌænˈdʒelɪk/
marked by utter benignity; resembling or befitting an angel or saint
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
astronomynounUS /əˈstrɑːnəmi/
the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
attractionnounUS /əˈtrækʃən/
the force by which one object attracts another
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/
the past participle of “be”
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
call upon in supplication; entreat
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
brethrennounUS /ˈbreðrən/
(plural) the lay members of a male religious order
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
CalvinnounUS /ˈkælvən/
United States chemist noted for discovering the series of chemical reactions in photosynthesis (1911-)
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
candidlyadverbUS /ˈkændɪdli/
(used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely the case that
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
choirnounUS /ˈkwaɪər/
a chorus that sings as part of a religious ceremony
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
an assertion of a right (as to money or property)
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
CompareverbUS /kəmˈper/
examine and note the similarities or differences of
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
DarwinnounUS /ˈdɑːrwɪn/
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
declare untrue; contradict
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
departmentsnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənts/
plural of “department” — a specialized division of a large organization
From this reading I insist upon the same freedom of thought in all departments of human knowledge.
used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
eternallyadverbUS /ɪˈtɜːrnəli/
for a limitless time
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
divisible by two
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
foundersnounUS /ˈfaʊndərz/
plural of “founder” — inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints
From this reading I insist upon the same freedom of thought in all departments of human knowledge.
geologynounUS /dʒiˈɑːlədʒi/
a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
gravitationnounUS /ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃən/
(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/
the -ing form of “have”
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/
characteristic of humanity
From this reading I insist upon the same freedom of thought in all departments of human knowledge.
HumboldtnounUS /ˈhʌmboʊlt/
German philologist noted for his studies of the relation between language and culture (1767-1835)
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
hypothesisnounUS /haɪˈpɑːθəsəs/
a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
insistverbUS /ˌɪnˈsɪst/
be emphatic or resolute and refuse to budge
From this reading I insist upon the same freedom of thought in all departments of human knowledge.
a room or building equipped with one or more toilets
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
become part of; become a member of a group or organization
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning
From this reading I insist upon the same freedom of thought in all departments of human knowledge.
immediately past
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
the sound of laughing
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
a characteristic state or mode of living
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
feeling or showing love and affection
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
mathematicsnounUS /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/
a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
used to say something is possible, or to give permission
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
the force of workers available
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
wrong in e.g. opinion or judgment
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
monsternounUS /ˈmɑːnstər/
an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
multiplicationnounUS /ˌmʌltəpləˈkeɪʃən/
the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
nebularadjective
of or relating to or resembling a nebula
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
pantheistnoun
someone who believes that God and the universe are the same
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
PresbyteriannounUS /ˌpresbɪˈtɪriən/
a follower of Calvinism as taught in the Presbyterian Church
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
punishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌnɪʃt/
subjected to a penalty (as pain or shame or restraint or loss) for an offense or fault or in order to coerce some behavior (as a confession or obedience)
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
interpret something that is written or printed
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
rotationnounUS /roʊˈteɪʃən/
the act of rotating as if on an axis
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
rotunditynoun
the roundness of a 3-dimensional object
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
Identical; not different.
From this reading I insist upon the same freedom of thought in all departments of human knowledge.
scoutnounUS /skaʊt/
a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
SpinozanounUS /spɪˈnoʊzə/
Dutch philosopher who espoused a pantheistic system (1632-1677)
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
a set of data arranged in rows and columns
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
express in words
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about
From this reading I insist upon the same freedom of thought in all departments of human knowledge.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
truthsnounUS /truːθs/
plural of “truth” — a fact that has been verified
From this reading Even your brethren do not claim that men are to be eternally punished for having been mistaken as to the truths of geology, astronomy, or mathematics.
uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/
a formal word for “on”
From this reading I insist upon the same freedom of thought in all departments of human knowledge.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
in the company of; together with
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
but in spite of that
From this reading A man may deny the rotundity and rotation of the earth, laugh at the attraction of gravitation, scout the nebular hypothesis, and hold the multiplication table in abhorrence, and yet join at last the angelic choir.
the person or people being spoken to
From this reading Compare, I beg of you, these men, Humboldt and Darwin, with the founders of the Presbyterian Church.
belonging to the person or people being spoken to
From this reading Read the life of Spinoza, the loving pantheist, and then that of John Calvin, and tell me, candidly, which, in your opinion, was a "monster."
