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The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I
The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
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The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.
ELPHINSTON.
An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.
He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.
The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.
Line 2
ELPHINSTON.
Line 3
An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.
Line 4
He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.
Line 5
The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affliction noun US /əˈflɪkʃən/

a state of great suffering and distress due to adversity

From this reading “The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.”

envious adjective US /ˈenviəs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading “The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.”

epitome noun US /ɪˈpɪtəmi/

a standard or typical example

From this reading “He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.”

miseries noun US /ˈmɪzəriz/

plural of “misery” — a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading “An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.”

negligent adjective US /ˈneɡlədʒənt/

characterized by neglect and undue lack of concern

From this reading “The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.”

rape verb US /reɪp/

force (someone) to have sex against their will

From this reading “The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.”

requisite noun US /ˈrekwəzət/

anything indispensable

From this reading “He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.”

wrinkles noun US /ˈrɪŋkəlz/

plural of “wrinkle” — a slight depression or fold in the smoothness of a surface

From this reading “The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

slow degrees adjective + noun counted as “slow degree”

In this reading “The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.”

personal qualities adjective + noun counted as “personal quality”

In this reading “The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.”

last stage adjective + noun

In this reading “An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.”

most indifferent adverb + adjective

In this reading “The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.”

with tears preposition + noun

In this reading “The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.”

grow old verb + adjective

In this reading “An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.”

All words in this reading · 140

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

adventitiousadjective

associated by chance and not an integral part

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

afflictionnounUS /əˈflɪkʃən/

a state of great suffering and distress due to adversity

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

Ah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

attendverbUS /əˈtend/

be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

BeneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

calamitynounUS /kəˈlæməti/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

consum'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

continuingadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːɪŋ/

remaining in force or being carried on without letup

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

contrarietynoun

the relation between contraries

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

corrodingnoun

erosion by chemical action

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

cry'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

cursenounUS /kɜːrs/

profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

decrepitudenoun

a state of deterioration due to old age or long use

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

designsnounUS /dɪˈzaɪnz/

plural of “design” — the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

destroyverbUS /dɪˈstrɔɪ/

do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

devourernoun

someone who eats greedily or voraciously

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

dissimilitudenoun

dissimilarity evidenced by an absence of likeness

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

distressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

dramanounUS /ˈdrɑːmə/

a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

ELPHINSTON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ELPHINSTON.

enviousadjectiveUS /ˈenviəs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

epigrammatist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

epitomenounUS /ɪˈpɪtəmi/

a standard or typical example

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

findsnounUS /faɪndz/

plural of “find” — a productive insight

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

foolishadjectiveUS /ˈfuːlɪʃ/

devoid of good sense or judgment

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

heavinessnoun

the property of being comparatively great in weight

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

HelennounUS /ˈhelən/

(Greek mythology) the beautiful daughter of Zeus and Leda who was abducted by Paris; the Greek army sailed to Troy to get her back which resulted in the Trojan War

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

imprecates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

indifferentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdɪfrənt/

marked by a lack of interest

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

intendingverbUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪŋ/

-ing form of “intend” — have in mind as a purpose

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

involvedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɑːlvd/

connected by participation or association or use

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

jawsnounUS /dʒɔːz/

plural of “jaw” — the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

keenadjectiveUS /kiːn/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

limitsnounUS /ˈlɪməts/

plural of “limit” — the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

miseriesnounUS /ˈmɪzəriz/

plural of “misery” — a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

Mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

negligentadjectiveUS /ˈneɡlədʒənt/

characterized by neglect and undue lack of concern

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

oppositionnounUS /ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃən/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

overcomeverbUS /ˈoʊvərkʌm/

win a victory over

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

pleas'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

pleaseverbUS /pliːz/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

qualitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːlətiz/

plural of “quality” — an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

ragenounUS /reɪdʒ/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

rapeverbUS /reɪp/

force (someone) to have sex against their will

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

requisitenounUS /ˈrekwəzət/

anything indispensable

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

retireverbUS /rɪˈtaɪr/

go into retirement; stop performing one's work or withdraw from one's position

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

shewverbUS /ʃuː/

establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

sinkverbUS /sɪŋk/

fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

spectatornounUS /ˈspekteɪtər/

a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind)

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

spy'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

strugglingadjectiveUS /ˈstrʌɡəlɪŋ/

engaged in a struggle to overcome especially poverty or obscurity

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

swiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

TimenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

tragedynounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

whate'er

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading He thought that no adventitious or foreign pain was requisite; that decrepitude itself was an epitome of whatever is dreadful; and nothing could be added to the curse of age, but that it should be extended beyond its natural limits.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading An old Greek epigrammatist, intending to shew the miseries that attend the last stage of man, imprecates upon those who are so foolish as to wish for long life, the calamity of continuing to grow old from century to century.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The most indifferent or negligent spectator can indeed scarcely retire without heaviness of heart, from a view of the last scenes of the tragedy of life, in which he finds those who, in the former parts of the drama, were distinguished by opposition of conduct, contrariety of designs, and dissimilitude of personal qualities, all involved in one common distress, and all struggling with affliction which they cannot hope to overcome.

wrinklesnounUS /ˈrɪŋkəlz/

plural of “wrinkle” — a slight depression or fold in the smoothness of a surface

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The dreadful wrinkles when poor Helen spy'd, Ah! why this second rape? with tears she cry'd, Time, thou devourer, and thou, envious age, Who all destroy with keen corroding rage, Beneath your jaws, whate'er have pleas'd or please, Must sink, consum'd by swift or slow degrees.

Chapter 8 of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I by Samuel Johnson holds 418 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I contain?

Chapter 8 holds 418 sentences of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I by Samuel Johnson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 418 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I

Common questions about reading The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I by Samuel Johnson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I?

Yes. All 4608 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43656 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43656, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I take to read?

About 384 minutes of reading across 922 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I section by section

How to work through The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

State
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fills
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heart
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Degree
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. in Nine — Volume I; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.