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The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07
The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07 is here in full — 267 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/53 · 5 lines
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THE REDUCTION OF BRITAIN BY THE ROMANS.
The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.
Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.
He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.
In consequence of this plan Britain was neglected.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07 is here in full — 267 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/53 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE REDUCTION OF BRITAIN BY THE ROMANS.
/ðə rəˈdʌkʃən ʌv ˈbrɪtən baɪ ðə ˈroʊmənz/
Line 2
The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.
Line 3
Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.
/ɑːˈɡʌstəs ˈhævɪŋ rɪˈstɔːrd piːs tuː ˈmænˈkaɪnd siːmz tuː hæv meɪd ɪt ə ˈsetəld ˈmæksəm ʌv hɪz reɪn nɑːt tuː ɪkˈstend ðə ˈempaɪər/
Line 4
He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.
/hiː faʊnd hɪmˈself æt ðə hed ʌv ə nuː ˈmɑːnɑːrki ənd hiː wɑːz mɔːr səˈlɪsətəs tuː kənˈfɜːrm ɪt baɪ ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz ʌv saʊnd ˈpɑːləsi ðæn tuː ɪkˈstend ðə baʊndz ʌv ɪts dəˈmɪnjən/
Line 5
In consequence of this plan Britain was neglected.
/ɪn ˈkɑːnsəkwəns ʌv ðɪs plæn ˈbrɪtən wɑːz nəˈɡlektəd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Augustus noun US /ɑːˈɡʌstəs/

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading “Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.”

confirm verb US /kənˈfɜːrm/

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading “He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.”

dominion noun US /dəˈmɪnjən/

dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading “He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.”

maxim noun US /ˈmæksəm/

a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits

From this reading “Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.”

monarchy noun US /ˈmɑːnɑːrki/

an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority

From this reading “He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.”

reduction noun US /rəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of decreasing or reducing something

From this reading “THE REDUCTION OF BRITAIN BY THE ROMANS.”

respite noun US /ˈrespɪt/

a (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort

From this reading “The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.”

solicitous adjective US /səˈlɪsətəs/

full of anxiety and concern

From this reading “He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

ambitionnounUS /æmˈbɪʃən/

a cherished desire

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

AugustusnounUS /ɑːˈɡʌstəs/

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

boundsnounUS /baʊndz/

the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

BRITAINnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading THE REDUCTION OF BRITAIN BY THE ROMANS.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE REDUCTION OF BRITAIN BY THE ROMANS.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

confirmverbUS /kənˈfɜːrm/

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading In consequence of this plan Britain was neglected.

Cæsar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

dominionnounUS /dəˈmɪnjən/

dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

ensuedverbUS /ɪnˈsuːd/

past form of “ensue” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

extendverbUS /ɪkˈstend/

extend in scope or range or area

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In consequence of this plan Britain was neglected.

institutionsnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz/

plural of “institution” — an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

maximnounUS /ˈmæksəm/

a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

monarchynounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrki/

an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

neglectedadjectiveUS /nəˈɡlektəd/

disregarded

From this reading In consequence of this plan Britain was neglected.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE REDUCTION OF BRITAIN BY THE ROMANS.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading In consequence of this plan Britain was neglected.

policynounUS /ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

REDUCTIONnounUS /rəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of decreasing or reducing something

From this reading THE REDUCTION OF BRITAIN BY THE ROMANS.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

respitenounUS /ˈrespɪt/

a (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

restoredverbUS /rɪˈstɔːrd/

past form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

ROMANSnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading THE REDUCTION OF BRITAIN BY THE ROMANS.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

solicitousadjectiveUS /səˈlɪsətəs/

full of anxiety and concern

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE REDUCTION OF BRITAIN BY THE ROMANS.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In consequence of this plan Britain was neglected.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Augustus, having restored peace to mankind, seems to have made it a settled maxim of his reign not to extend the Empire.

warsnounUS /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He found himself at the head of a new monarchy; and he was more solicitous to confirm it by the institutions of sound policy than to extend the bounds of its dominion.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The death of Cæsar, and the civil wars which ensued, afforded foreign nations some respite from the Roman ambition.

Chapter 4 of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07 by Edmund Burke holds 267 sentences, grouped into 54 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 267 sentences of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07, unabridged, divided into 54 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07 by Edmund Burke exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 267 sentences, grouped into 54 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07?

Work through the 54 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 54 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07

Common questions about reading The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07 by Edmund Burke on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07?

Yes. All 4735 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16292 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16292, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07 take to read?

About 394 minutes of reading across 947 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07 section by section

How to work through The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

State
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Europe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Norman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Invasion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke — Vol. 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.