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The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804
The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804 is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
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[Cf.
Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.
But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.
Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?
Of all institutions, none has caused more intellectual degeneracy.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804 is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Cf.
Line 2
Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.
Line 3
But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.
/bʌt ɪt wʊd biː ə pleɪɡ ˈiːvɪn ɪf noʊ mɔːr ðæn æn əbˈsɜːrdəti fɔːr ə ˈpiːpəl huː kæn baʊ daʊn ɪn ˈɑːnər ʌv ə ˈsɪli θɪŋ ɪz ə dəˈbeɪst ˈpiːpəl/
Line 4
Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?
/kæn ðeɪ biː fɪt fɔːr ɡreɪt əˈferz huː ˈrendər ˈiːkwəl ˈɑːmədʒ tuː vaɪs ənd ˈvɝː.tʃuː ənd jiːld ðə seɪm səbˈmɪʃən tuː ˈɪɡnərəns ənd ˈwɪzdəm/
Line 5
Of all institutions, none has caused more intellectual degeneracy.
/ʌv ɔːl ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz nʌn hæz kɑːzd mɔːr ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl dɪˈdʒenərəsi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

absurdity noun US /əbˈsɜːrdəti/

a message whose content is at variance with reason

From this reading “But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.”

debased adjective US /dəˈbeɪst/

mixed with impurities

From this reading “But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.”

degeneracy noun US /dɪˈdʒenərəsi/

the state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualities

From this reading “Of all institutions, none has caused more intellectual degeneracy.”

Essays noun US /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading “Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.”

homage noun US /ˈɑːmədʒ/

respectful deference

From this reading “Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?”

institutions noun US /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz/

plural of “institution” — an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading “Of all institutions, none has caused more intellectual degeneracy.”

Royalty noun US /ˈrɔɪəlti/

payment to the holder of a patent or copyright or resource for the right to use their property

From this reading “Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.”

submission noun US /səbˈmɪʃən/

something (manuscripts or architectural plans and models or estimates or works of art of all genres etc.) submitted for the judgment of others (as in a competition)

From this reading “Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

common sense adjective + noun

sound practical judgment

In this reading “Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.”

silly thing adjective + noun

In this reading “But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.”

fit for verb + particle

In this reading “Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?”

in honor preposition + noun

In this reading “But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

absurditynounUS /əbˈsɜːrdəti/

a message whose content is at variance with reason

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Of all institutions, none has caused more intellectual degeneracy.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

bownounUS /baʊ/

a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading Of all institutions, none has caused more intellectual degeneracy.

Cfnoun

a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles

From this reading [Cf.

chapnounUS /tʃæp/

a boy or man

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

com-mon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

contraryadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːntreri/

very opposed in nature or character or purpose

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

debasedadjectiveUS /dəˈbeɪst/

mixed with impurities

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

degeneracynounUS /dɪˈdʒenərəsi/

the state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualities

From this reading Of all institutions, none has caused more intellectual degeneracy.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

EditornounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

EssaysnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

fitverbUS /fɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Of all institutions, none has caused more intellectual degeneracy.

homagenounUS /ˈɑːmədʒ/

respectful deference

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

honornounUS /ˈɑːnər/

a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

ignorancenounUS /ˈɪɡnərəns/

the lack of knowledge or education

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

institutionsnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz/

plural of “institution” — an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading Of all institutions, none has caused more intellectual degeneracy.

intellectualadjectiveUS /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuːəl/

of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind

From this reading Of all institutions, none has caused more intellectual degeneracy.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

Montaigne's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Of all institutions, none has caused more intellectual degeneracy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

plagueverbUS /pleɪɡ/

cause to suffer a blight

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

RoyaltynounUS /ˈrɔɪəlti/

payment to the holder of a patent or copyright or resource for the right to use their property

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

sillyadjectiveUS /ˈsɪli/

ludicrous, foolish

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

submissionnounUS /səbˈmɪʃən/

something (manuscripts or architectural plans and models or estimates or works of art of all genres etc.) submitted for the judgment of others (as in a competition)

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

vicenounUS /vaɪs/

moral weakness

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But it would be a plague even if no more than an absurdity; for a people who can bow down in honor of a silly thing is a debased people.

xiinoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading Montaigne's Essays, chap. xii.--_Editor._] Royalty is thus as contrary to common sense as to com-mon right.

yieldverbUS /jiːld/

be the cause or source of

From this reading Can they be fit for great affairs who render equal homage to vice and virtue, and yield the same submission to ignorance and wisdom?

Chapter 4 of The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804 by Thomas Paine holds 410 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 410 sentences of The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804 by Thomas Paine exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 410 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #31271, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 443 minutes of reading across 1064 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804 section by section

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Vocabulary met early in The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Putnam's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lafayette
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Writings Of Thomas Paine — Volume III, 1791-1804; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.