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The Year When Stardust Fell
The Year When Stardust Fell

Chapter XXI · _Reconstruction_

Chapter XXI of The Year When Stardust Fell, “_Reconstruction_,” is here in full — 187 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Year When Stardust Fell
Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.
It was then less than three million miles away.
In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.
There were none of these.
Only the dust.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Year When Stardust Fell

Chapter XXI · _Reconstruction_

Chapter XXI of The Year When Stardust Fell, “_Reconstruction_,” is here in full — 187 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.
/ɑːn ðə ˈtwentiəθ ʌv ˈdʒænjuːeri ðə ˈkɑːmət riːtʃt ɪts ˈkloʊsəst əˈproʊtʃ tuː ɜːrθ/
Line 2
It was then less than three million miles away.
/ɪt wɑːz ðen les ðæn θriː ˈmɪljən maɪlz əˈweɪ/
Line 3
In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.
/ɪn ðə relm ʌv ðə stɑːrz ðɪs wɑːz ˈvɜːrtʃuːəli ə kəˈlɪʒən ənd ɪf ðə hed ʌv ðə ˈkɑːmət hæd bɪn kəmˈpoʊzd ʌv ˈeniθɪŋ mɔːr ðæn ˈhaɪli ˈrerəfaɪd ˈɡæsəz ɪt wʊd hæv kɑːzd trəˈmendəs əpˈhiːvəlz ənd ˈtaɪdəl weɪvz/
Line 4
There were none of these.
/ðer wɜːr nʌn ʌv ðiːz/
Line 5
Only the dust.
/ˈoʊnli ðə dʌst/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

closest adverb US /ˈkloʊsəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading “On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.”

collision noun US /kəˈlɪʒən/

(physics) a brief event in which two or more bodies come together

From this reading “In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.”

comet noun US /ˈkɑːmət/

(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading “On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.”

gases noun US /ˈɡæsəz/

plural of “gas” — the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading “In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.”

rarefied adjective US /ˈrerəfaɪd/

having low density

From this reading “In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.”

tidal adjective US /ˈtaɪdəl/

of or relating to or caused by tides

From this reading “In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.”

upheavals noun US /əpˈhiːvəlz/

plural of “upheaval” — a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally)

From this reading “In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.”

virtually adverb US /ˈvɜːrtʃuːəli/

in essence or effect but not in fact

From this reading “In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

tidal waves adjective + noun counted as “tidal wave”

an overwhelming manifestation of some emotion or phenomenon

In this reading “In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.”

million miles noun + noun counted as “million mile”

In this reading “It was then less than three million miles away.”

three million noun + noun

In this reading “It was then less than three million miles away.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading It was then less than three million miles away.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

closestadverbUS /ˈkloʊsəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.

collisionnounUS /kəˈlɪʒən/

(physics) a brief event in which two or more bodies come together

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

cometnounUS /ˈkɑːmət/

(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading Only the dust.

EarthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.

gasesnounUS /ˈɡæsəz/

plural of “gas” — the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

highlyadverbUS /ˈhaɪli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was then less than three million miles away.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.

JanuarynounUS /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading It was then less than three million miles away.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading It was then less than three million miles away.

millionnounUS /ˈmɪljən/

the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading It was then less than three million miles away.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading There were none of these.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.

OnlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Only the dust.

rarefiedadjectiveUS /ˈrerəfaɪd/

having low density

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.

realmnounUS /relm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

starsnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It was then less than three million miles away.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading It was then less than three million miles away.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were none of these.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading There were none of these.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading It was then less than three million miles away.

tidaladjectiveUS /ˈtaɪdəl/

of or relating to or caused by tides

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.

tremendousadjectiveUS /trəˈmendəs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

twentiethnounUS /ˈtwentiəθ/

position 20 in a countable series of things

From this reading On the twentieth of January the comet reached its closest approach to Earth.

upheavalsnounUS /əpˈhiːvəlz/

plural of “upheaval” — a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally)

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

virtuallyadverbUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːəli/

in essence or effect but not in fact

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was then less than three million miles away.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were none of these.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading In the realm of the stars, this was virtually a collision, and if the head of the comet had been composed of anything more than highly rarefied gases it would have caused tremendous upheavals and tidal waves.

Chapter 21 of The Year When Stardust Fell by Raymond F. Jones holds 187 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Year When Stardust Fell contain?

Chapter 21 holds 187 sentences of The Year When Stardust Fell, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Year When Stardust Fell by Raymond F. Jones exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 187 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Year When Stardust Fell?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Year When Stardust Fell

Common questions about reading The Year When Stardust Fell by Raymond F. Jones on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Year When Stardust Fell?

Yes. All 4873 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33660 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Year When Stardust Fell is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33660, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Year When Stardust Fell take to read?

About 406 minutes of reading across 975 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Year When Stardust Fell section by section

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Vocabulary met early in The Year When Stardust Fell

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Year When Stardust Fell, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Jacket
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Year When Stardust Fell; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Design
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Year When Stardust Fell; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Year When Stardust Fell; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heugh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Year When Stardust Fell; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.