Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

in an adequate manner or to an adequate degree

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

later than; following

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

(of farmland) capable of being farmed productively

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography)

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

a cudgel used to give someone a beating on the soles of the feet

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

plural of “canal” — (astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

unvarying in nature

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

plural of “convict” — a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

past form of “expend” — use up, consume fully

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

death of a person

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

supplying dry land with water by means of ditches etc

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

conformity or harmony

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

largest city of Tennessee; located in southwestern Tennessee on bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

plural of “mine” — excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

plural of “misdeed” — improper or wicked or immoral behavior

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

the world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

possessive form of “nome” — a town in western Alaska on the southern coast of the Seward Peninsula; an important center of an Alaskan gold rush at the beginning of the 20th century

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

a large flow

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

subjected to a penalty (as pain or shame or restraint or loss) for an offense or fault or in order to coerce some behavior (as a confession or obedience)

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

inflicting punishment

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

plural of “quarry” — a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

make square

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

plural of “sum” — a quantity of money

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

an ancient Egyptian city on the Nile River that flourished from the 22nd century BC to the 18th century BC; today the archeological remains include many splendid temples and tombs

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

without fail

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

plural of “upland” — elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

belonging to which person

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading BACK TO MEMPHIS The valley in which Thebes Diospolis was situated was wide and the overflow of the Nile did not reach the arable uplands near the Arabian hills.

in the company of; together with

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Since the work was heavy and the demand for it constant, it became a punitive part of each nome's administration.

a reference book that is published regularly once every year

From this reading From Syene to Pelusium the country was ramified with canals, and vast sums and great labor were expended yearly upon their keeping.

a late time of life

From this reading Three thousand years before, Menes had established a system of irrigation which had added hundreds of square miles to the agricultural area of Egypt, and every monarch after him had unfailingly preserved the institution.

but in spite of that

From this reading Therefore, the convicts whose misdeeds were too serious to be punished adequately by the bastinado or the fine, and yet not grave enough to merit a sentence to the quarries or the mines, were sent to the canals.