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The Young Captives
The Young Captives

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The Young Captives is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Young Captives
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The army of Cyrus had already reached the capital of Chaldea.
The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.
At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.
Their discipline had reached to an almost inconceivable degree of perfection.
The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Young Captives

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The Young Captives is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The army of Cyrus had already reached the capital of Chaldea.
Line 2
The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.
Line 3
At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.
Line 4
Their discipline had reached to an almost inconceivable degree of perfection.
/ðer ˈdɪsəplən hæd riːtʃt tuː æn ˈɔːlmoʊst ˌɪnkənˈsiːvəbəl dɪˈɡriː ʌv pərˈfekʃən/
Line 5
The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.
/ðə ˈwɪʃɪz ənd dɪˈzaɪərz ʌv ðer ɡreɪt kəˈmændər hæd bɪˈkʌm ðer lɔː ənd iːtʃ wʌn vaɪd wɪð ðə ˈʌðər ɪn ˈrendərɪŋ oʊˈbiːdiəns tuː hɪz ˈɔːrdərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cyrus noun US /ˈsaɪrəs/

Persian prince who was defeated in battle by his brother Artaxerxes II (424-401 BC)

From this reading “The army of Cyrus had already reached the capital of Chaldea.”

finer adjective US /ˈfaɪnər/

(comparative of “fine”) greater in quality or excellence

From this reading “At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.”

inconceivable adjective US /ˌɪnkənˈsiːvəbəl/

totally unlikely

From this reading “Their discipline had reached to an almost inconceivable degree of perfection.”

Persian noun US /ˈpɜːrʒən/

a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading “At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.”

Persians noun US /ˈpɜːrʒənz/

plural of “persian” — a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading “The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.”

rendering noun US /ˈrendərɪŋ/

a performance of a musical composition or a dramatic role etc.

From this reading “The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.”

swarmed verb US /swɔːrmd/

past form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading “The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.”

vied verb US /vaɪd/

past form of “vie” — compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading “The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Their discipline had reached to an almost inconceivable degree of perfection.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The army of Cyrus had already reached the capital of Chaldea.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Their discipline had reached to an almost inconceivable degree of perfection.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The army of Cyrus had already reached the capital of Chaldea.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

battlemen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading The army of Cyrus had already reached the capital of Chaldea.

Chaldeanoun

an ancient region of Mesopotamia lying between the Euphrates delta and the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Desert; settled in 1000 BC and destroyed by the Persians in 539 BC; reached the height of its power under Nebuchadnezzar II

From this reading The army of Cyrus had already reached the capital of Chaldea.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

CyrusnounUS /ˈsaɪrəs/

Persian prince who was defeated in battle by his brother Artaxerxes II (424-401 BC)

From this reading The army of Cyrus had already reached the capital of Chaldea.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Their discipline had reached to an almost inconceivable degree of perfection.

desiresnounUS /dɪˈzaɪərz/

plural of “desire” — the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

disciplinenounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading Their discipline had reached to an almost inconceivable degree of perfection.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

fineradjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnər/

(comparative of “fine”) greater in quality or excellence

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The army of Cyrus had already reached the capital of Chaldea.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

inconceivableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkənˈsiːvəbəl/

totally unlikely

From this reading Their discipline had reached to an almost inconceivable degree of perfection.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

Medes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

obediencenounUS /oʊˈbiːdiəns/

the act of obeying; dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The army of Cyrus had already reached the capital of Chaldea.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

perfectionnounUS /pərˈfekʃən/

the state of being without a flaw or defect

From this reading Their discipline had reached to an almost inconceivable degree of perfection.

PersiannounUS /ˈpɜːrʒən/

a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

PersiansnounUS /ˈpɜːrʒənz/

plural of “persian” — a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.

princenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading The army of Cyrus had already reached the capital of Chaldea.

renderingnounUS /ˈrendərɪŋ/

a performance of a musical composition or a dramatic role etc.

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

swarmedverbUS /swɔːrmd/

past form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The army of Cyrus had already reached the capital of Chaldea.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their discipline had reached to an almost inconceivable degree of perfection.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Their discipline had reached to an almost inconceivable degree of perfection.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.

viedverbUS /vaɪd/

past form of “vie” — compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At this time no warriors were finer in appearance than the battlemen of the Persian prince.

wishesnounUS /ˈwɪʃɪz/

plural of “wish” — a specific feeling of desire

From this reading The wishes and desires of their great commander had become their law; and each one vied with the other in rendering obedience to his orders.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The vast plain before the city swarmed with moving thousands of Medes and Persians.

Chapter 22 of The Young Captives by Erasmus W. Jones holds 144 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of The Young Captives contain?

Chapter 22 holds 144 sentences of The Young Captives, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of The Young Captives by Erasmus W. Jones exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 144 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of The Young Captives?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Young Captives

Common questions about reading The Young Captives by Erasmus W. Jones on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Young Captives?

Yes. All 3250 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12792 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Young Captives is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12792, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Young Captives take to read?

About 270 minutes of reading across 650 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Young Captives section by section

How to work through The Young Captives section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The Young Captives to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Young Captives

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Young Captives, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Clash
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Captives; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Swords
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Captives; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cries
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Captives; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Excited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Captives; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.