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The Young Carpenters of Freiberg
The Young Carpenters of Freiberg

Chapter III

Cover illustration for The Young Carpenters of Freiberg
Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PRIVATE RIGHTS MUST GIVE PLACE TO PUBLIC NECESSITIES.
On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.
Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.
The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.
Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Young Carpenters of Freiberg

Chapter III

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PRIVATE RIGHTS MUST GIVE PLACE TO PUBLIC NECESSITIES.
Line 2
On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.
Line 3
Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.
Line 4
The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.
Line 5
Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Beneath preposition US /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading “Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.”

MUST modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “PRIVATE RIGHTS MUST GIVE PLACE TO PUBLIC NECESSITIES.”

Several noun US /ˈseveral/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.”

Stood noun US /stood/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.”

Towards preposition US /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading “Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1642

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

9th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

activity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

aided

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

axe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

beautiful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

bowed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

Burghers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

busiest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

carpenters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

clothes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

coopers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

crashing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

dense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

drays

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

driving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

earth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

earth-stained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

fall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

fir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

forest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

Freiberg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

gaunt-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

GIVE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PRIVATE RIGHTS MUST GIVE PLACE TO PUBLIC NECESSITIES.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

head

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

heads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

heavy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

hundred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

joiners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

loading

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

lofty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

masses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

mines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

mining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

MUSTmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading PRIVATE RIGHTS MUST GIVE PLACE TO PUBLIC NECESSITIES.

NECESSITIES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PRIVATE RIGHTS MUST GIVE PLACE TO PUBLIC NECESSITIES.

night-caps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

November

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

off

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

pine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

PLACE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PRIVATE RIGHTS MUST GIVE PLACE TO PUBLIC NECESSITIES.

possible

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

presented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

PRIVATE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PRIVATE RIGHTS MUST GIVE PLACE TO PUBLIC NECESSITIES.

PUBLIC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PRIVATE RIGHTS MUST GIVE PLACE TO PUBLIC NECESSITIES.

rapidly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

readiness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

red

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

RIGHTS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PRIVATE RIGHTS MUST GIVE PLACE TO PUBLIC NECESSITIES.

saw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

scene

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

Several

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

speed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

stoodnounUS /stood/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

stroke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the 9th of November 1642, the forest of Freiberg presented a scene of the busiest activity.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

thinning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading PRIVATE RIGHTS MUST GIVE PLACE TO PUBLIC NECESSITIES.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

town

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

trees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

trunks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Burghers and others, aided by the gaunt-looking mining people, with earth-stained clothes and red night-caps on their heads, were loading the long heavy trunks upon drays that stood in readiness, and driving them off with all speed towards the town.

vied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.

wheelwrights

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

wood-cutters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wood-cutters from the mines vied with those from the city--joiners, carpenters, wheelwrights, and coopers--in thinning the dense masses of beautiful forest trees as rapidly as possible.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several hundred men were at work, and many a great pine and fir tree bowed its lofty head beneath the stroke of axe and saw, to fall at last crashing to earth.