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The Young Carpenters of Freiberg
The Young Carpenters of Freiberg

Chapter IV

Cover illustration for The Young Carpenters of Freiberg
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
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THE ENEMY BEFORE THE TOWN.
The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.
In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.
Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.
Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Young Carpenters of Freiberg

Chapter IV

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ENEMY BEFORE THE TOWN.
Line 2
The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.
Line 3
In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.
Line 4
Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.
Line 5
Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Above preposition US /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading “The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.”

BEFORE preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “THE ENEMY BEFORE THE TOWN.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.”

Sometimes noun US /sometimes/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.”

Stood noun US /stood/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

air

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

BEFOREprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE ENEMY BEFORE THE TOWN.

buildings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

cannon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

chamber

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

Church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

church-towers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

deadly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

death

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

early

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

ENEMY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ENEMY BEFORE THE TOWN.

fire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

fired

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

Freiberg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

Grim

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

happened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

harmless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

high

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

highest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

instruments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

loaded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

missiles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

often

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

Peter's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

planted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

public

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

purposes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

rejoicing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

religion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

rises

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

salutes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

sometimes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

stoodnounUS /stood/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ENEMY BEFORE THE TOWN.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim cannon sometimes stood there, not to fire harmless salutes on days of public rejoicing, but more often to be loaded with deadly missiles and fired at an enemy.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

Thus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus it happened that one of these instruments of death had been planted in the highest chamber of the St. Peter's Tower at Freiberg.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

too

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

tower

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tower of St. Peter's Church rises high into the air above all the other buildings of Freiberg.

TOWN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ENEMY BEFORE THE TOWN.

used

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In those early days church-towers were too often used for purposes with which religion had but little to do.