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The Young Carthaginian
The Young Carthaginian

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Young Carthaginian is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.
How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.
It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.
Their arms are thrown aside, the greater portion of their clothing has been dispensed with.
Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Young Carthaginian

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Young Carthaginian is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.
/ɪt ɪz ˌæftərˈnuːn bʌt ðə sʌnz reɪz stɪl pɔːr daʊn wɪð ɡreɪt ˈpaʊər əˈpɑːn rɑːk ənd sænd/
Line 2
How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.
Line 3
It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.
/ɪt ɪz siːn tuː ɪn ðə ˈætətuːdz ənd əˈpɪrəns ʌv ə lɑːrdʒ ˈbɑːdi ʌv ˈsoʊldʒərz ɪnˈkæmpt ɪn ə ɡroʊv/
Line 4
Their arms are thrown aside, the greater portion of their clothing has been dispensed with.
/ðer ɑːrmz ɑːr θroʊn əˈsaɪd ðə ˈɡreɪtər ˈpɔːrʃən ʌv ðer ˈkloʊðɪŋ hæz bɪn dɪˈspenst wɪð/
Line 5
Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attitudes noun US /ˈætətuːdz/

plural of “attitude” — a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading “It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.”

blurs noun US /blɜːrz/

plural of “blur” — a hazy or indistinct representation

From this reading “How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.”

dispensed adjective US /dɪˈspenst/

distributed or weighted out in carefully determined portions

From this reading “Their arms are thrown aside, the greater portion of their clothing has been dispensed with.”

encamped verb US /ɪnˈkæmpt/

past form of “encamp” — live in or as if in a tent

From this reading “It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.”

midday noun US /ˈmɪddeɪ/

the middle of the day

From this reading “How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.”

shelters noun US /ˈʃeltərz/

plural of “shelter” — a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading “Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.”

slumber noun US /ˈslʌmbər/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading “Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.”

sun's noun US /sʌnz/

possessive form of “sun” — the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading “It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Their arms are thrown aside, the greater portion of their clothing has been dispensed with.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Their arms are thrown aside, the greater portion of their clothing has been dispensed with.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading Their arms are thrown aside, the greater portion of their clothing has been dispensed with.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

attitudesnounUS /ˈætətuːdz/

plural of “attitude” — a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

blursnounUS /blɜːrz/

plural of “blur” — a hazy or indistinct representation

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.

bowsnounUS /baʊz/

plural of “bow” — a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

clothingnounUS /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

a covering designed to be worn on a person's body

From this reading Their arms are thrown aside, the greater portion of their clothing has been dispensed with.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

dispensedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspenst/

distributed or weighted out in carefully determined portions

From this reading Their arms are thrown aside, the greater portion of their clothing has been dispensed with.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

encampedverbUS /ɪnˈkæmpt/

past form of “encamp” — live in or as if in a tent

From this reading It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

foliagenounUS /ˈfoʊlɪdʒ/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Their arms are thrown aside, the greater portion of their clothing has been dispensed with.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

grovenounUS /ɡroʊv/

a small growth of trees without underbrush

From this reading It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

javelins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

middaynounUS /ˈmɪddeɪ/

the middle of the day

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/

plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Their arms are thrown aside, the greater portion of their clothing has been dispensed with.

pourverbUS /pɔːr/

cause to run

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

protectedadjectiveUS /prəˈtektɪd/

kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

quiveringnounUS /ˈkwɪvərɪŋ/

a shaky motion

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

risesnounUS /ˈraɪzəz/

plural of “rise” — a growth in strength or number or importance

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading How great the heat has been at midday may be seen by the quivering of the air as it rises from the ground and blurs all distant objects.

sheltersnounUS /ˈʃeltərz/

plural of “shelter” — a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

slumbernounUS /ˈslʌmbər/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

sun'snounUS /sʌnz/

possessive form of “sun” — the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their arms are thrown aside, the greater portion of their clothing has been dispensed with.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading Their arms are thrown aside, the greater portion of their clothing has been dispensed with.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading It is seen, too, in the attitudes and appearance of a large body of soldiers encamped in a grove.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Some lie stretched on the ground in slumber, their faces protected from any chance rays which may find their way through the foliage above by little shelters composed of their clothing hung on two bows or javelins.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is afternoon, but the sun's rays still pour down with great power upon rock and sand.

Chapter 1 of The Young Carthaginian by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 165 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Young Carthaginian contain?

Chapter 1 holds 165 sentences of The Young Carthaginian, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Young Carthaginian by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 165 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Young Carthaginian?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Young Carthaginian

Common questions about reading The Young Carthaginian by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Young Carthaginian?

Yes. All 4784 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5128 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Young Carthaginian is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5128, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Young Carthaginian take to read?

About 398 minutes of reading across 957 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Young Carthaginian section by section

How to work through The Young Carthaginian section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of The Young Carthaginian to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Young Carthaginian

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Young Carthaginian, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Carthaginian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sun's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Carthaginian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Still
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Carthaginian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Carthaginian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.