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The Young Carthaginian
The Young Carthaginian

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Young Carthaginian is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.
Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.
On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.
The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.
The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Young Carthaginian

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Young Carthaginian is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.
/æz ðə ˈeləfənt tɔːr daʊn ðə roʊd tuː ðə taʊn ˈmeni wɜːr ðə ˈneroʊ ɪˈskeɪps ðæt æz ðeɪ θɔːt ðoʊz ˈkʌmɪŋ ʌp hæd ʌv ˈbiːɪŋ krʌʃt ɔːr θroʊn ˈɪntuː ðə er baɪ ðə ˈæŋɡri biːst/
Line 2
Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.
Line 3
On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.
Line 4
The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.
/ðə kraɪz ʌv ðə ˈpiːpəl æt ðə əˈproʊtʃ ʌv ðə ˈeləfənt prɪˈsiːdɪd ɪts kɔːrs ənd ɔːl tʊk ˈrefjuːdʒ ɪn ˈɡɑːrdənz ɔːr ˈhaʊsəz/
Line 5
The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

avoiding verb US /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading “On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.”

citadel noun US /ˈsɪt.ə.del/

A fortress protecting a city, metaphorically representing the invincible inner sanctuary of the rational mind.

From this reading “The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.”

escapes noun US /ɪˈskeɪps/

plural of “escape” — the act of escaping physically

From this reading “As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.”

guided adjective US /ˈɡaɪdəd/

subject to guidance or control especially after launching

From this reading “On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.”

opulent adjective US /ˈɑːpjələnt/

ostentatiously rich and superior in quality

From this reading “On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.”

parapet noun US /ˈperəpet/

a low wall along the edge of a roof or balcony

From this reading “Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.”

preceded verb US /prɪˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “precede” — be earlier in time; go back further

From this reading “The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.”

squeezed verb US /skwiːzd/

past form of “squeeze” — to compress with violence, out of natural shape or condition

From this reading “Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

angryadjectiveUS /ˈæŋɡri/

feeling or showing anger

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.

avoidingverbUS /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

beastnounUS /biːst/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

citadelnounUS /ˈsɪt.ə.del/

A fortress protecting a city, metaphorically representing the invincible inner sanctuary of the rational mind.

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

criesnounUS /kraɪz/

plural of “cry” — a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition

From this reading The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.

crushedadjectiveUS /krʌʃt/

treated so as to have a permanently wrinkled appearance

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

descentnounUS /dɪˈsent/

An action of moving downward, dropping, or falling into a deeper place.

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

directedadjectiveUS /dərˈektəd/

(often used in combination) having a specified direction

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

elephantnounUS /ˈeləfənt/

five-toed pachyderm

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

escapesnounUS /ɪˈskeɪps/

plural of “escape” — the act of escaping physically

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

guidedadjectiveUS /ˈɡaɪdəd/

subject to guidance or control especially after launching

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

harmnounUS /hɑːrm/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

mahoutnoun

the driver and keeper of an elephant

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

Megara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

opulentadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpjələnt/

ostentatiously rich and superior in quality

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

parapetnounUS /ˈperəpet/

a low wall along the edge of a roof or balcony

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.

perceivedadjectiveUS /pərˈsiːvd/

detected by instinct or inference rather than by recognized perceptual cues

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

precededverbUS /prɪˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “precede” — be earlier in time; go back further

From this reading The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

reachingnounUS /ˈriːtʃɪŋ/

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

refugenounUS /ˈrefjuːdʒ/

a safe place

From this reading The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

roadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

squeezedverbUS /skwiːzd/

past form of “squeeze” — to compress with violence, out of natural shape or condition

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

threwverbUS /θruː/

inflected form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The cries of the people at the approach of the elephant preceded its course, and all took refuge in gardens or houses.

torenounUS /tɔːr/

commonly the lowest molding at the base of a column

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading On reaching the foot of the descent the mahout guided the animal to the left, and, avoiding the busy streets of the town, directed its course towards the more quiet roads of the opulent quarter of Megara.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The latter became less and less frequent, until, at a distance of two miles from the foot of the citadel, the mahout, on looking round, perceived no one in sight.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As the elephant tore down the road to the town many were the narrow escapes that, as they thought, those coming up had of being crushed or thrown into the air by the angry beast.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Some threw themselves on their faces, others got over the parapet and hung by their hands until he had passed, while some squeezed themselves against the wall; but the elephant passed on without doing harm to any.

Chapter 18 of The Young Carthaginian by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 180 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Young Carthaginian contain?

Chapter 18 holds 180 sentences of The Young Carthaginian, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Young Carthaginian by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 180 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Young Carthaginian?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Young Carthaginian

Common questions about reading The Young Carthaginian by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Young Carthaginian?

Yes. All 4784 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5128 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Young Carthaginian is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5128, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Young Carthaginian take to read?

About 398 minutes of reading across 957 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Young Carthaginian section by section

How to work through The Young Carthaginian section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of The Young Carthaginian to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Young Carthaginian

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Young Carthaginian, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Carthaginian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sun's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Carthaginian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Still
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Carthaginian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Carthaginian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.