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The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars
The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
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CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.
The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.
The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.
On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.
This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.
Line 2
The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.
Line 3
The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.
Line 4
On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.
/ɑːn ðɪs wɜːr pleɪst ə ˈnʌmbər ʌv ˈɑːrtəkəlz ˌɪnˈtendɪd fɔːr maɪ ˈfɑːðərz ənd ˈaʊər oʊn ˈpɜːrsɪnəl juːs ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ æn er bed maɪ ˈsaɪər ˈhævɪŋ ˈmenʃənd ðæt ðə ɪˈfekts ʌv ə hɑːrd bed ɑːn ðə ɡraʊnd hæd bɪˈɡʌn tuː ʃoʊ ɪn ðə ˈneɪtʃər ʌv ˈruːmətɪzəm/
Line 5
This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disperse verb US /dɪˈspɜːrs/

distribute loosely

From this reading “CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.”

dray noun US /dreɪ/

a low heavy horse cart without sides; used for haulage

From this reading “The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.”

fortification noun US /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃən/

defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading “This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."”

harnessed adjective US /ˈhɑːrnəst/

brought under control and put to use

From this reading “The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.”

humidity noun US /hjuːˈmɪdəti/

wetness in the atmosphere

From this reading “This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."”

obliterated adjective US /əˈblɪtəreɪtɪd/

reduced to nothingness

From this reading “CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.”

signifying verb US /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading “This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."”

wain noun US /weɪn/

English writer (1925-1994)

From this reading “The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

stowed away verb + particle counted as “stow away”

hide aboard a ship or a plane to get free transportation

In this reading “The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.”

few yards adjective + noun counted as “few yard”

In this reading “CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.”

own personal verb + adjective

In this reading “On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.”

on the ground preposition + article + noun counted as “on … ground”

In this reading “On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.”

in the courtyard preposition + article + noun counted as “in … courtyard”

In this reading “The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

articlesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəlz/

plural of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.

barsnounUS /bɑːrz/

gymnastic apparatus consisting of two parallel wooden rods supported on uprights

From this reading The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

blownadjectiveUS /bloʊn/

being moved or acted upon by moving air or vapor

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

compactlyadverb

in a compact manner or state

From this reading The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.

contrivancenounUS /kənˈtraɪvəns/

a device or control that is very useful for a particular job

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

CONVOYING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

courtyardnounUS /ˈkɔːrt.jɑːrd/

An unroofed area that is completely or partially enclosed by the walls of a house.

From this reading The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.

dampadjectiveUS /dæmp/

slightly wet

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

dawnedverbUS /dɔːnd/

past form of “dawn” — become clear or enter one's consciousness or emotions

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

disperseverbUS /dɪˈspɜːrs/

distribute loosely

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

draynounUS /dreɪ/

a low heavy horse cart without sides; used for haulage

From this reading The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

fortificationnounUS /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃən/

defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

greyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

harnessedadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrnəst/

brought under control and put to use

From this reading The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.

humiditynounUS /hjuːˈmɪdəti/

wetness in the atmosphere

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.

includingverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

keenadjectiveUS /kiːn/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

layernounUS /ˈleɪər/

single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance

From this reading The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

mistyadjectiveUS /ˈmɪsti/

filled or abounding with fog or mist

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

obliteratedadjectiveUS /əˈblɪtəreɪtɪd/

reduced to nothingness

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

ownernounUS /ˈoʊnər/

(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.

rheumatismnounUS /ˈruːmətɪzəm/

any painful disorder of the joints or muscles or connective tissues

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

Royston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

signifyingverbUS /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.

sireverbUS /ˈsaɪər/

make (offspring) by reproduction

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

stirredadjectiveUS /stɜːrd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.

stowedverbUS /stoʊd/

past form of “stow” — fill by packing tightly

From this reading The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.

strawnounUS /strɔː/

plant fiber used e.g. for making baskets and hats or as fodder

From this reading The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

TREASUREnounUS /ˈtreʒər/

accumulated wealth in the form of money or jewels etc.

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

treatisenounUS /ˈtriːtəs/

a formal exposition

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

tree-tops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

unwholesomeadjective

detrimental to physical or moral well-being

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading On this were placed a number of articles intended for my father's and our own personal use, including an air bed, my sire having mentioned that the effects of a hard bed on the ground had begun to show in the nature of rheumatism.

vapournoun

a visible suspension in the air of particles of some substance

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

ventilet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

waggonnoun

any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading The waggon stood in the courtyard, four powerful dray horses being already harnessed to it.

wainnounUS /weɪn/

English writer (1925-1994)

From this reading The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The silver bars were compactly stowed away in the bottom of the wain, covered by a layer of straw.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading This contrivance had but lately been introduced, and, in the words of the worthy Richard Royston, in his treatise on fortification, "it is blown up to bear its owner from the damp and unwholesome humidity of the earth, the which I call a 'ventilet,' signifying a bed of wind."

wreathsnounUS /riːθs/

plural of “wreath” — flower arrangement consisting of a circular band of foliage or flowers for ornamental purposes

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading CONVOYING THE TREASURE THE morning of our departure dawned grey and misty, while a keen, damp wind stirred the tree-tops, though it was not sufficient to disperse the wreaths of vapour that obliterated every object beyond the distance of a few yards from us.

Chapter 5 of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman holds 145 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars contain?

Chapter 5 holds 145 sentences of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 145 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars

Common questions about reading The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars?

Yes. All 2544 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42689 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42689, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars take to read?

About 212 minutes of reading across 509 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars section by section

How to work through The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Shall
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Remember
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
August
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grace
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Cavalier: A Story of the Civil Wars; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.