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The Young Duke
The Young Duke

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Young Duke is here in full — 247 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.
The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.
Tom Cogit stepped in to carve in his usual silent manner.
He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.
He winked familiarly to Temple Grace, but scarcely presumed to bow to the Duke.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Young Duke

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Young Duke is here in full — 247 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.
Line 2
The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.
/ðə ˈdɪnər wɑːz ˈstuːdiəsli pleɪn ənd ˈveri ˈlɪtəl waɪn wɑːz drʌŋk jet ˈevriθɪŋ wɑːz pərˈfekt/
Line 3
Tom Cogit stepped in to carve in his usual silent manner.
Line 4
He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.
/hiː ˈɔːlweɪz keɪm ɪn ənd went aʊt ʌv ə ruːm wɪˈθaʊt ˈeniwʌn əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ hɪm/
Line 5
He winked familiarly to Temple Grace, but scarcely presumed to bow to the Duke.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Brunswick noun US /ˈbrʌnzwɪk/

a university town in southwestern Maine

From this reading “_Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.”

carve verb US /kɑːrv/

form by carving

From this reading “Tom Cogit stepped in to carve in his usual silent manner.”

Dice noun US /daɪs/

a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading “_Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.”

observing adjective US /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading “He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.”

presumed verb US /prəˈzuːmd/

past form of “presume” — take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading “He winked familiarly to Temple Grace, but scarcely presumed to bow to the Duke.”

studiously adverb US /ˈstuːdiəsli/

in a studious manner

From this reading “The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.”

Terrace noun US /ˈterəs/

usually paved outdoor area adjoining a residence

From this reading “_Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.”

winked verb US /wɪŋkt/

past form of “wink” — signal by winking

From this reading “He winked familiarly to Temple Grace, but scarcely presumed to bow to the Duke.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

accordinglyadverbUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

anyonepronounUS /ˈeniwʌn/

any person at all

From this reading He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

BaronnounUS /ˈbærən/

a nobleman (in various countries) of varying rank

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

Berg-hem

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

BirdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

bownounUS /baʊ/

a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces

From this reading He winked familiarly to Temple Grace, but scarcely presumed to bow to the Duke.

BrunswicknounUS /ˈbrʌnzwɪk/

a university town in southwestern Maine

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He winked familiarly to Temple Grace, but scarcely presumed to bow to the Duke.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.

carveverbUS /kɑːrv/

form by carving

From this reading Tom Cogit stepped in to carve in his usual silent manner.

Castlefort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

Cogit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tom Cogit stepped in to carve in his usual silent manner.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

DicenounUS /daɪs/

a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.

drunkadjectiveUS /drʌŋk/

stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

From this reading The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.

familiarlyadverb

in an intimately familiar manner

From this reading He winked familiarly to Temple Grace, but scarcely presumed to bow to the Duke.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

GracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Tom Cogit stepped in to carve in his usual silent manner.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

invitationnounUS /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/

a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.

LordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Tom Cogit stepped in to carve in his usual silent manner.

observingadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.

presumedverbUS /prəˈzuːmd/

past form of “presume” — take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading He winked familiarly to Temple Grace, but scarcely presumed to bow to the Duke.

PreynounUS /preɪ/

a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading He winked familiarly to Temple Grace, but scarcely presumed to bow to the Duke.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading Tom Cogit stepped in to carve in his usual silent manner.

steppedverbUS /stept/

inflected form of “step” — shift or move by taking a step

From this reading Tom Cogit stepped in to carve in his usual silent manner.

studiouslyadverbUS /ˈstuːdiəsli/

in a studious manner

From this reading The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.

TemplenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

TerracenounUS /ˈterəs/

usually paved outdoor area adjoining a residence

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Tom Cogit stepped in to carve in his usual silent manner.

to-morrow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

TomnounUS /tɑːm/

male cat

From this reading Tom Cogit stepped in to carve in his usual silent manner.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.

winkedverbUS /wɪŋkt/

past form of “wink” — signal by winking

From this reading He winked familiarly to Temple Grace, but scarcely presumed to bow to the Duke.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He always came in and went out of a room without anyone observing him.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The dinner was studiously plain, and very little wine was drunk; yet everything was perfect.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading _Birds of Prey_ THE young Duke had accepted the invitation of the Baron de Berg-hem for to-morrow, and accordingly, himself, Lords Castlefort and Dice, and Temple Grace assembled in Brunswick Terrace at the usual hour.

Chapter 31 of The Young Duke by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli holds 247 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Young Duke contain?

Chapter 31 holds 247 sentences of The Young Duke, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Young Duke by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 247 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Young Duke?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Young Duke

Common questions about reading The Young Duke by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Young Duke?

Yes. All 6523 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #20008 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Young Duke is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #20008, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Young Duke take to read?

About 543 minutes of reading across 1305 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in The Young Duke

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Young Duke, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

George
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Duke; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Augustus
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Duke; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frederick
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Duke; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
James
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Duke; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.