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The Young Explorer
The Young Explorer

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The Young Explorer is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AMONG THE SIERRAS.
Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.
He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.
"Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.
"You ought to know one of them, mayor," said Hunter.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Young Explorer

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The Young Explorer is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AMONG THE SIERRAS.
/əˈmʌŋ ðə siˈerəz/
Line 2
Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.
Line 3
He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.
Line 4
"Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.
/frendz ʌv jʊrz dʒʌdʒ sed ðə ˈnuːkʌmər ˈspiːkɪŋ tuː ˈhʌntər ənd ˈɪndəkeɪtɪŋ baɪ ə nɑːd ben ənd hɪz kəmˈpænjən/
Line 5
"You ought to know one of them, mayor," said Hunter.
/juː ɔːt tuː noʊ wʌn ʌv ðem ˈmeɪər sed ˈhʌntər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

indicating verb US /ˈɪndəkeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading “"Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.”

inland adjective US /ˈɪnlænd/

situated away from an area's coast or border

From this reading “Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.”

mayor noun US /ˈmeɪər/

the head of a city government

From this reading “"You ought to know one of them, mayor," said Hunter.”

mayors noun US /ˈmeɪərz/

plural of “mayor” — the head of a city government

From this reading “Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.”

medium noun US /ˈmiːdiəm/

a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information

From this reading “He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.”

newcomer noun US /ˈnuːkʌmər/

any new participant in some activity

From this reading “"Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.”

nod verb US /nɑːd/

express or signify by nodding

From this reading “"Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.”

sierras noun US /siˈerəz/

plural of “sierra” — a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading “AMONG THE SIERRAS.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

alikeadverbUS /əˈlaɪk/

equally

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

AMONGprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading AMONG THE SIERRAS.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

BennounUS /ben/

a mountain or tall hill

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.

capacitynounUS /kəˈpæsəti/

capability to perform or produce

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading "Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

dirt-begrimed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

FriendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading "Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

HunternounUS /ˈhʌntər/

someone who hunts game

From this reading "Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

indicatingverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading "Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

inlandadjectiveUS /ˈɪnlænd/

situated away from an area's coast or border

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

judgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading "Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "You ought to know one of them, mayor," said Hunter.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

mayornounUS /ˈmeɪər/

the head of a city government

From this reading "You ought to know one of them, mayor," said Hunter.

mayorsnounUS /ˈmeɪərz/

plural of “mayor” — the head of a city government

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

mediumnounUS /ˈmiːdiəm/

a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

newcomernounUS /ˈnuːkʌmər/

any new participant in some activity

From this reading "Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.

nodverbUS /nɑːd/

express or signify by nodding

From this reading "Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading "You ought to know one of them, mayor," said Hunter.

pompous-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

raggedadjectiveUS /ˈræɡəd/

being or dressed in clothes that are worn or torn

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

shirtnounUS /ʃɜːrt/

a garment worn on the upper half of the body

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

SIERRASnounUS /siˈerəz/

plural of “sierra” — a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading AMONG THE SIERRAS.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading "Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AMONG THE SIERRAS.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading "You ought to know one of them, mayor," said Hunter.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.

trousersnounUS /ˈtraʊzərz/

(usually in the plural) a garment extending from the waist to the knee or ankle, covering each leg separately

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

wearingnounUS /ˈwerɪŋ/

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading He could hardly believe his eyes, therefore, when he saw before him a man of medium height, dressed in a ragged shirt and trousers, and wearing a hat once white, but now dirt-begrimed.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Ben had heard of mayors, and once he had seen one, a pompous-looking man who had once served in that capacity in an inland city of some twenty thousand inhabitants, and he supposed that all mayors were alike.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "You ought to know one of them, mayor," said Hunter.

yourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading "Friends of yours, judge?" said the newcomer, speaking to Hunter, and indicating by a nod Ben and his companion.

Chapter 22 of The Young Explorer by Horatio, Jr. Alger holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of The Young Explorer contain?

Chapter 22 holds 103 sentences of The Young Explorer, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of The Young Explorer by Horatio, Jr. Alger exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of The Young Explorer?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Young Explorer

Common questions about reading The Young Explorer by Horatio, Jr. Alger on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Young Explorer?

Yes. All 3359 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5623 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Young Explorer is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5623, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Young Explorer take to read?

About 279 minutes of reading across 672 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Young Explorer section by section

How to work through The Young Explorer section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of The Young Explorer to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Young Explorer

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Young Explorer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Deacon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Explorer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pitkin's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Explorer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Offer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Explorer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ben's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Explorer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.