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The Young Llanero
The Young Llanero

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Young Llanero is here in full — 433 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Young Llanero
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.
Kingston seems to be quite good at writing about South America.
One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.
We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).
So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Young Llanero

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Young Llanero is here in full — 433 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.
Line 2
Kingston seems to be quite good at writing about South America.
/ˈkɪŋstən siːmz tuː biː kwaɪt ɡʊd æt ˈraɪtɪŋ əˈbaʊt saʊθ əˈmerəkə/
Line 3
One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.
Line 4
We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).
Line 5
So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.
/soʊ ðer ɪz ə tʃeɪndʒ ʌv loʊˈkeɪʃən frʌm nuː ɡrəˈnɑːdə ənd pərˈuː bʌt wiː hæv ðə seɪm ˈprɑːbləmz wɪð ˈɪndiənz ˈspænɪʃ truːps ˈboʊə kənˈstrɪktərz ənd ˈʌðər ˈflɔːrə ənd ˈfɔːnə/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boa noun US /ˈboʊə/

a long thin fluffy scarf of feathers or fur

From this reading “So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.”

constrictors noun US /kənˈstrɪktərz/

plural of “constrictor” — any of various large nonvenomous snakes that kill their prey by crushing it in its coils

From this reading “So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.”

fauna noun US /ˈfɔːnə/

all the animal life in a particular region or period

From this reading “So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.”

Granada noun US /ɡrəˈnɑːdə/

a city in southeastern Spain that was the capital of the Moorish kingdom until it was captured by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492

From this reading “So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.”

Kingston noun US /ˈkɪŋstən/

a town on the Hudson River in New York

From this reading “The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.”

Orinoco noun US /ˌɔːrəˈnoʊkoʊ/

a South American river 1,500 miles long; flows into the South Atlantic

From this reading “We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).”

Venezuela noun US /ˌvenɪzˈweɪlə/

a republic in northern South America on the Caribbean; achieved independence from Spain in 1811; rich in oil

From this reading “The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.”

waterway noun US /ˈwɔːtərweɪ/

a navigable body of water

From this reading “We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Kingston seems to be quite good at writing about South America.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Kingston seems to be quite good at writing about South America.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

anti-Spanish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Kingston seems to be quite good at writing about South America.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Kingston seems to be quite good at writing about South America.

boanounUS /ˈboʊə/

a long thin fluffy scarf of feathers or fur

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

constrictorsnounUS /kənˈstrɪktərz/

plural of “constrictor” — any of various large nonvenomous snakes that kill their prey by crushing it in its coils

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

faunanounUS /ˈfɔːnə/

all the animal life in a particular region or period

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

floranounUS /ˈflɔːrə/

all the plant life in a particular region or period

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

GnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Kingston seems to be quite good at writing about South America.

GranadanounUS /ɡrəˈnɑːdə/

a city in southeastern Spain that was the capital of the Moorish kingdom until it was captured by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

KingstonnounUS /ˈkɪŋstən/

a town on the Hudson River in New York

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

Llanero

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

locationnounUS /loʊˈkeɪʃən/

a point or extent in space

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

lotsnounUS /lɑːts/

a large number or amount

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

oilnounUS /ɔɪl/

A viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, stored in large earthen jars.

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

OrinoconounUS /ˌɔːrəˈnoʊkoʊ/

a South American river 1,500 miles long; flows into the South Atlantic

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

PerunounUS /pərˈuː/

a republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

PortugalnounUS /ˈpɔːrtʃəɡəl/

a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

problemsnounUS /ˈprɑːbləmz/

plural of “problem” — a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Kingston seems to be quite good at writing about South America.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Kingston seems to be quite good at writing about South America.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Kingston seems to be quite good at writing about South America.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

StorynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

that's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Kingston seems to be quite good at writing about South America.

tournounUS /tʊr/

a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading So there is a change of location from New Granada and Peru, but we have the same problems with Indians, Spanish troops, boa constrictors, and other flora and fauna.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

VenezuelanounUS /ˌvenɪzˈweɪlə/

a republic in northern South America on the Caribbean; achieved independence from Spain in 1811; rich in oil

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

waterwaynounUS /ˈwɔːtərweɪ/

a navigable body of water

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading We are taken on a tour round Venezuela (that's the country on the north of South America, that has lots of oil, and whose main waterway is the Orinoco).

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

WildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

wondersnounUS /ˈwʌndərz/

plural of “wonder” — the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading One wonders why he is so anti-Spanish, but as he was brought up living in Portugal this may have something to do with the matter.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading Kingston seems to be quite good at writing about South America.

YoungadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The Young Llanero, A Story of War and Wild Life in Venezuela, by W.H.G. Kingston.

Chapter 1 of The Young Llanero by William Henry Giles Kingston holds 433 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Young Llanero contain?

Chapter 1 holds 433 sentences of The Young Llanero, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Young Llanero by William Henry Giles Kingston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 433 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Young Llanero?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Young Llanero

Common questions about reading The Young Llanero by William Henry Giles Kingston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Young Llanero?

Yes. All 3412 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21506 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Young Llanero is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21506, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Young Llanero take to read?

About 284 minutes of reading across 683 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Young Llanero section by section

How to work through The Young Llanero section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Young Llanero to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Young Llanero

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Young Llanero, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Llanero; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Llanero
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Llanero; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Llanero; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Venezuela
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Llanero; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.