used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/
later than; following
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
allowingverbUS /əˈlaʊɪŋ/
-ing form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
the form of “be” used with “I”
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
earlier than; in front of
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
blazenounUS /bleɪz/
a strong flame that burns brightly
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
boughsnounUS /baʊz/
plural of “bough” — any of the larger branches of a tree
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
plural of “boy” — a youthful male person
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
eat an early morning meal
From this reading "Come, Frank," said Mary, "let us make up the fire, and get things ready for breakfast."
emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
take something or somebody with oneself somewhere
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
BuddynounUS /ˈbʌdi/
a close friend who accompanies his buddies in their activities
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
to be able to, or to be allowed to
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
cheerfullyadverbUS /ˈtʃɪrfəli/
in a cheerful manner
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody
From this reading "Come, Frank," said Mary, "let us make up the fire, and get things ready for breakfast."
COOKERYnoun
the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
crackingnounUS /ˈkrækɪŋ/
a sudden sharp noise
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
CURINGnounUS /ˈkjʊrɪŋ/
the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
separate with or as if with an instrument
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
separated into parts or pieces
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
increase twofold
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
being or moving lower in position or less in some value
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
EXCUSESnounUS /ɪksˈkjuːsɪz/
plural of “excuse” — a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
finishingnounUS /ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ/
a decorative texture or appearance of a surface (or the substance that gives it that appearance)
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
start firing a weapon
From this reading "Come, Frank," said Mary, "let us make up the fire, and get things ready for breakfast."
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
characterized by directness in manner or speech; without subtlety or evasion
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
FRANK'SnounUS /fræŋks/
possessive form of “frank” — a member of the ancient Germanic peoples who spread from the Rhine into the Roman Empire in the 4th century
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
a plot of ground where plants are cultivated
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
come into the possession of something concrete or abstract
From this reading "Come, Frank," said Mary, "let us make up the fire, and get things ready for breakfast."
change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
conformity or harmony
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
letauxiliary verbUS /let/
used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker
From this reading "Come, Frank," said Mary, "let us make up the fire, and get things ready for breakfast."
of comparatively little physical weight or density
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
engage in
From this reading "Come, Frank," said Mary, "let us make up the fire, and get things ready for breakfast."
MAROONING
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
the time period between dawn and noon
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
necessary for relief or supply
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
immediately following in time or order
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
not one thing; not anything
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
not allowed to continue to bat or run
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
situated in a particular spot or position
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
plural of “plan” — a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
portionsnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃənz/
plural of “portion” — something determined in relation to something that includes it
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
PREPARATIONnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/
the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
preparingverbUS /priˈperɪŋ/
-ing form of “prepare” — make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
reach a destination, either real or abstract
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress
From this reading "Come, Frank," said Mary, "let us make up the fire, and get things ready for breakfast."
go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
ROBERT'SnounUS /ˈrɑːbərts/
possessive form of “robert” — United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
SABBATHnounUS /ˈsæbəθ/
a day of rest and worship: Sunday for most Christians; Saturday for the Jews and a few Christians; Friday for Muslims
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
being the one previously mentioned or spoken of
From this reading "Come, Frank," said Mary, "let us make up the fire, and get things ready for breakfast."
cut with a saw
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
for that reason; with the result that
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
in the near future
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
the season of growth
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
sticksnounUS /stɪks/
plural of “stick” — an implement consisting of a length of wood
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
used to introduce the second part of a comparison
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
the people or things already mentioned, as the object
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)
From this reading "Come, Frank," said Mary, "let us make up the fire, and get things ready for breakfast."
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading The boys had so placed them, after finishing, late at night, for the double purpose of allowing them to cool and of keeping them out of reach of the dogs.
in contact with each other or in proximity
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
underneathprepositionUS /ˌʌndərˈniːθ/
directly under, often hidden by what is above
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level
From this reading "Come, Frank," said Mary, "let us make up the fire, and get things ready for breakfast."
the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading "Come, Frank," said Mary, "let us make up the fire, and get things ready for breakfast."
VEGETABLEnounUS /ˈvedʒtəbəl/
edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
VENISONnounUS /ˈvenəsən/
meat from a deer used as food
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
at the time that
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/
during the time that
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"
in the company of; together with
From this reading FRANK’S EXCUSES--CURING VENISON--MAROONING COOKERY--ROBERT’S VEGETABLE GARDEN--PLANS FOR RETURN---PREPARATION FOR THE SABBATH When Mary and Frank arose next morning, they saw the small boughs of the oak hung with divided portions of venison.
the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees
From this reading The wood was close at hand, ready cut, and nothing more was needed for a fire than putting the pieces together, with several sticks of light wood underneath; a bright cracking blaze soon rose cheerfully before them.
the person or people being spoken to
From this reading "Buddy," she said, "can you not go down to the spring, and bring me some water, while I am preparing these other things?"