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The Young Miner
The Young Miner

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Young Miner is here in full — 118 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Young Miner
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A FOILED ROBBER.
In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.
There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.
Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.
He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Young Miner

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Young Miner is here in full — 118 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A FOILED ROBBER.
/ə fɔɪld ˈrɑːbər/
Line 2
In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.
Line 3
There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.
/ðer wɜːr men ʌv ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən ˌreprəˈzentətɪvz ʌv ɔːl ðə lɜːrnd prəˈfeʃənz men vɜːrst ɪn ˈbɪznəs ənd əˈlɔːŋ wɪð ðem ædˈventʃərərz ənd men ʌv ˈdaʊtfəl ˌæntɪˈsiːdənts ˈɡrædʒəwəts ʌv ˈprɪzənz ənd ˌpenɪˈtentʃəriz/
Line 4
Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.
/bɪl kreɪn ˌɪntrəˈduːst ɪn ðə læst ˈtʃæptər bɪˈlɔːŋd tuː ðə ˈlætər ˌʌndɪˈzaɪrəbəl klæs/
Line 5
He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

antecedents noun US /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənts/

plural of “antecedent” — someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading “There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.”

Crane verb US /kreɪn/

stretch (the neck) so as to see better

From this reading “Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.”

foiled adjective US /fɔɪld/

disappointingly unsuccessful

From this reading “A FOILED ROBBER.”

graduates noun US /ˈɡrædʒəwəts/

plural of “graduate” — a person who has received a degree from a school (high school or college or university)

From this reading “There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.”

penitentiaries noun US /ˌpenɪˈtentʃəriz/

plural of “penitentiary” — a correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes

From this reading “There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.”

penitentiary adjective US /ˌpenɪˈtentʃəri/

used for punishment or reform of criminals or wrongdoers

From this reading “He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.”

undesirable adjective US /ˌʌndɪˈzaɪrəbəl/

not wanted

From this reading “Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.”

versed noun US /vɜːrst/

an injectable form of benzodiazepine (trade name Versed) useful for sedation and for reducing pain during uncomfortable medical procedures

From this reading “There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A FOILED ROBBER.

adventurersnounUS /ædˈventʃərərz/

plural of “adventurer” — a person who enjoys taking risks

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

antecedentsnounUS /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənts/

plural of “antecedent” — someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.

BillnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.

CraneverbUS /kreɪn/

stretch (the neck) so as to see better

From this reading Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.

doubtfuladjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

FOILEDadjectiveUS /fɔɪld/

disappointingly unsuccessful

From this reading A FOILED ROBBER.

gold-fields

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.

graduatesnounUS /ˈɡrædʒəwəts/

plural of “graduate” — a person who has received a degree from a school (high school or college or university)

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

housebreakernoun

a burglar who unlawfully breaks into and enters another person's house

From this reading He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

newlyadverbUS /ˈnuːli/

very recently

From this reading In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

penitentiariesnounUS /ˌpenɪˈtentʃəriz/

plural of “penitentiary” — a correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

penitentiaryadjectiveUS /ˌpenɪˈtentʃəri/

used for punishment or reform of criminals or wrongdoers

From this reading He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

prisonsnounUS /ˈprɪzənz/

plural of “prison” — a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

professionsnounUS /prəˈfeʃənz/

plural of “profession” — the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

representativesnounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪvz/

plural of “representative” — a person who represents others

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.

ROBBERnounUS /ˈrɑːbər/

a thief who steals from someone by threatening violence

From this reading A FOILED ROBBER.

rushverbUS /rʌʃ/

move hurridly

From this reading In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

Sing-Sing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.

undesirableadjectiveUS /ˌʌndɪˈzaɪrəbəl/

not wanted

From this reading Bill Crane, introduced in the last chapter, belonged to the latter undesirable class.

versednounUS /vɜːrst/

an injectable form of benzodiazepine (trade name Versed) useful for sedation and for reducing pain during uncomfortable medical procedures

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the grand rush to the newly discovered gold-fields all classes were represented.

WesternadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading He had served a term at Sing-Sing as a housebreaker, and later another term in a Western penitentiary.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading There were men of education, representatives of all the learned professions, men versed in business, and along with them adventurers and men of doubtful antecedents, graduates of prisons and penitentiaries.

Chapter 4 of The Young Miner by Horatio, Jr. Alger holds 118 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Young Miner contain?

Chapter 4 holds 118 sentences of The Young Miner, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Young Miner by Horatio, Jr. Alger exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 118 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Young Miner?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Young Miner

Common questions about reading The Young Miner by Horatio, Jr. Alger on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Young Miner?

Yes. All 3265 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #22669 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Young Miner is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #22669, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Young Miner take to read?

About 272 minutes of reading across 653 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Young Miner section by section

How to work through The Young Miner section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of The Young Miner to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Young Miner

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Young Miner, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gold-seekers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Miner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dozen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Miner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Provided
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Miner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rockers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Miner; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.