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The Young Surveyor
The Young Surveyor

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Young Surveyor is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AN IMPORTANT EVENT.
Radcliff resumed his place in the family.
But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.
The "new elements" had produced a greater change than he supposed.
He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Young Surveyor

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The Young Surveyor is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AN IMPORTANT EVENT.
/æn ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt ɪˈvent/
Line 2
Radcliff resumed his place in the family.
Line 3
But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.
Line 4
The "new elements" had produced a greater change than he supposed.
/ðə nuː ˈeləmənts hæd prəˈduːst ə ˈɡreɪtər tʃeɪndʒ ðæn hiː səˈpoʊzd/
Line 5
He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.
/hiː noʊ ˈlɔːŋɡər pəˈzest ðə ˈbaʊndləs ˈɪnfluːəns ˈoʊvər ðə bɔɪz wɪtʃ hɪz waɪld ˈspɪrɪts ˈfɔːrmərli ɡeɪv hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boundless adjective US /ˈbaʊndləs/

seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent

From this reading “He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.”

elements noun US /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading “The "new elements" had produced a greater change than he supposed.”

event noun US /ɪˈvent/

something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading “AN IMPORTANT EVENT.”

formerly adverb US /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading “He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.”

possessed adjective US /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading “He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.”

produced verb US /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading “The "new elements" had produced a greater change than he supposed.”

relations noun US /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading “But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.”

resumed verb US /rɪˈzuːmd/

past form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading “Radcliff resumed his place in the family.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The "new elements" had produced a greater change than he supposed.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading AN IMPORTANT EVENT.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

boundlessadjectiveUS /ˈbaʊndləs/

seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent

From this reading He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading The "new elements" had produced a greater change than he supposed.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading The "new elements" had produced a greater change than he supposed.

EVENTnounUS /ɪˈvent/

something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading AN IMPORTANT EVENT.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Radcliff resumed his place in the family.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading The "new elements" had produced a greater change than he supposed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Radcliff resumed his place in the family.

IMPORTANTadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading AN IMPORTANT EVENT.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Radcliff resumed his place in the family.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

JacknounUS /dʒæk/

a small worthless amount

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The "new elements" had produced a greater change than he supposed.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Radcliff resumed his place in the family.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading The "new elements" had produced a greater change than he supposed.

Radcliff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Radcliff resumed his place in the family.

relationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

resumedverbUS /rɪˈzuːmd/

past form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading Radcliff resumed his place in the family.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading The "new elements" had produced a greater change than he supposed.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The "new elements" had produced a greater change than he supposed.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Radcliff resumed his place in the family.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

Vinnie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But he soon found that his relations to it were no longer what they had been before the days of Vinnie and Jack.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading He no longer possessed the boundless influence over the boys which his wild spirits formerly gave him.

Chapter 31 of The Young Surveyor by J. T. (John Townsend) Trowbridge holds 50 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The Young Surveyor contain?

Chapter 31 holds 50 sentences of The Young Surveyor, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The Young Surveyor by J. T. (John Townsend) Trowbridge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 50 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The Young Surveyor?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Young Surveyor

Common questions about reading The Young Surveyor by J. T. (John Townsend) Trowbridge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Young Surveyor?

Yes. All 3947 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28680 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Young Surveyor is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28680, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Young Surveyor take to read?

About 328 minutes of reading across 790 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Young Surveyor section by section

How to work through The Young Surveyor section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Young Surveyor to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Young Surveyor

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Young Surveyor, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Prairies
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Surveyor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Surveyor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hazard
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Surveyor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fortunes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Young Surveyor; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.