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The Zeit-Geist
The Zeit-Geist

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Zeit-Geist is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.
He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.
The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.
She had enough to make her so.
All her pleasure in life was centred in her son Bart.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Zeit-Geist

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Zeit-Geist is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.
Line 2
He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.
Line 3
The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.
/ðə ˈmʌðər huː hæd bɪˈɡʌn laɪf ˈtʃɪrfəli ənd ˈsensəbli ʃoʊd ðə ˈwiːknəs ʌv hɜːr ˈkerɪktər ɪn ðæt ʃiː bɪˈkeɪm həˈbɪtʃuːəli ˈpiːvɪʃ/
Line 4
She had enough to make her so.
/ʃiː hæd ɪˈnʌf tuː meɪk hɜːr soʊ/
Line 5
All her pleasure in life was centred in her son Bart.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ambitious adjective US /æmˈbɪʃəs/

having a strong desire for success or achievement

From this reading “He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.”

Bart noun US /bɑːrt/

a member of the British order of honor; ranks below a baron but above a knight

From this reading “All her pleasure in life was centred in her son Bart.”

cheerfully adverb US /ˈtʃɪrfəli/

in a cheerful manner

From this reading “The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.”

habitually adverb US /həˈbɪtʃuːəli/

according to habit or custom

From this reading “The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.”

lumber noun US /ˈlʌmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading “In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.”

peevish adjective US /ˈpiːvɪʃ/

easily irritated or annoyed

From this reading “The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.”

precepts noun US /ˈpriːsepts/

plural of “precept” — rule of personal conduct

From this reading “He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.”

sensibly adverb US /ˈsensəbli/

with good sense or in a reasonable or intelligent manner

From this reading “The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All her pleasure in life was centred in her son Bart.

ambitiousadjectiveUS /æmˈbɪʃəs/

having a strong desire for success or achievement

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

BartnounUS /bɑːrt/

a member of the British order of honor; ranks below a baron but above a knight

From this reading All her pleasure in life was centred in her son Bart.

Bartholomew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

centred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All her pleasure in life was centred in her son Bart.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

cheerfullyadverbUS /ˈtʃɪrfəli/

in a cheerful manner

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

consequentlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəntli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading She had enough to make her so.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

FallsnounUS /fɔːlz/

the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

Fentown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

habituallyadverbUS /həˈbɪtʃuːəli/

according to habit or custom

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

ill-temperedadjective

annoyed and irritable

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

lumbernounUS /ˈlʌmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading She had enough to make her so.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

peevishadjectiveUS /ˈpiːvɪʃ/

easily irritated or annoyed

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading All her pleasure in life was centred in her son Bart.

preceptsnounUS /ˈpriːsepts/

plural of “precept” — rule of personal conduct

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

Scotchmannoun

a native or inhabitant of Scotland

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

sensiblyadverbUS /ˈsensəbli/

with good sense or in a reasonable or intelligent manner

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading She had enough to make her so.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She had enough to make her so.

Toyner's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

weaknessnounUS /ˈwiːknəs/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

weightnounUS /weɪt/

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In the days when there were not many people in Fentown Falls, and when much money was made by the lumber trade, Bartholomew Toyner's father grew rich.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The mother, who had begun life cheerfully and sensibly, showed the weakness of her character in that she became habitually peevish.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He was a Scotchman, not without some education, and was ambitious for his son; but he was a hard, ill-tempered man, and consequently neither his example nor his precepts carried any weight whatever with the son when he was grown.

Chapter 2 of The Zeit-Geist by L. (Lily) Dougall holds 40 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Zeit-Geist contain?

Chapter 2 holds 40 sentences of The Zeit-Geist, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Zeit-Geist by L. (Lily) Dougall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 40 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Zeit-Geist?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Zeit-Geist

Common questions about reading The Zeit-Geist by L. (Lily) Dougall on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Zeit-Geist?

Yes. All 1696 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18054 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Zeit-Geist is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18054, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Zeit-Geist take to read?

About 141 minutes of reading across 340 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Zeit-Geist section by section

How to work through The Zeit-Geist section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of The Zeit-Geist to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Zeit-Geist

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Zeit-Geist, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Prologue
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Zeit-Geist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
To-day
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Zeit-Geist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Zeit-Geist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Where
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Zeit-Geist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.