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The Zeit-Geist
The Zeit-Geist

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Zeit-Geist is here in full — 176 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Zeit-Geist
Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.
Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.
Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.
The feud lasted for a week, and then Markham shot his enemy with a borrowed fire-arm.
Walker was discovered wounded, and cared for, but with little hope of his recovery.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Zeit-Geist

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Zeit-Geist is here in full — 176 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.
Line 2
Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.
Line 3
Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.
Line 4
The feud lasted for a week, and then Markham shot his enemy with a borrowed fire-arm.
Line 5
Walker was discovered wounded, and cared for, but with little hope of his recovery.
/ˈwɔːkər wɑːz dɪˈskʌvərd ˈwuːndɪd ənd kerd fɔːr bʌt wɪð ˈlɪtəl hoʊp ʌv hɪz rɪˈkʌvri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arouse verb US /ərˈaʊz/

call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)

From this reading “Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.”

comer noun US /ˈkʌmər/

someone with a promising future

From this reading “Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.”

comparatively adverb US /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading “Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.”

enmity noun US /ˈenməti/

a state of deep-seated ill-will

From this reading “Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.”

feud noun US /fjuːd/

a bitter quarrel between two parties

From this reading “The feud lasted for a week, and then Markham shot his enemy with a borrowed fire-arm.”

gamble verb US /ˈɡæmbəl/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading “Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.”

recovery noun US /rɪˈkʌvri/

return to an original state

From this reading “Walker was discovered wounded, and cared for, but with little hope of his recovery.”

Walker noun US /ˈwɔːkər/

New Zealand runner who in 1975 became the first person to run a mile in less that 3 minutes and 50 seconds (born in 1952)

From this reading “Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

Ann's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

arouseverbUS /ərˈaʊz/

call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

borrowedverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊd/

past form of “borrow” — get temporarily

From this reading The feud lasted for a week, and then Markham shot his enemy with a borrowed fire-arm.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Walker was discovered wounded, and cared for, but with little hope of his recovery.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.

caredverbUS /kerd/

past form of “care” — feel concern or interest

From this reading Walker was discovered wounded, and cared for, but with little hope of his recovery.

comernounUS /ˈkʌmər/

someone with a promising future

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

communitynounUS /kəˈmjuːnəti/

a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

deadlyadjectiveUS /ˈdedli/

causing or capable of causing death

From this reading Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Walker was discovered wounded, and cared for, but with little hope of his recovery.

disputeverbUS /dɪsˈpjuːt/

take exception to

From this reading Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading The feud lasted for a week, and then Markham shot his enemy with a borrowed fire-arm.

enmitynounUS /ˈenməti/

a state of deep-seated ill-will

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

eventnounUS /ɪˈvent/

something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.

feudnounUS /fjuːd/

a bitter quarrel between two parties

From this reading The feud lasted for a week, and then Markham shot his enemy with a borrowed fire-arm.

fire-arm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The feud lasted for a week, and then Markham shot his enemy with a borrowed fire-arm.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The feud lasted for a week, and then Markham shot his enemy with a borrowed fire-arm.

gambleverbUS /ˈɡæmbəl/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Walker was discovered wounded, and cared for, but with little hope of his recovery.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

lastedverbUS /ˈlæstəd/

past form of “last” — persist for a specified period of time

From this reading The feud lasted for a week, and then Markham shot his enemy with a borrowed fire-arm.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.

Markham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

recoverynounUS /rɪˈkʌvri/

return to an original state

From this reading Walker was discovered wounded, and cared for, but with little hope of his recovery.

shocknounUS /ʃɑːk/

the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens accidentally

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading The feud lasted for a week, and then Markham shot his enemy with a borrowed fire-arm.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The feud lasted for a week, and then Markham shot his enemy with a borrowed fire-arm.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

Toyner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

WalkernounUS /ˈwɔːkər/

New Zealand runner who in 1975 became the first person to run a mile in less that 3 minutes and 50 seconds (born in 1952)

From this reading Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading The feud lasted for a week, and then Markham shot his enemy with a borrowed fire-arm.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Another six months passed, and an event occurred which gave a great shock to the little community and gave Toyner a pain of heart such as almost nothing else could have given.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Ann's father, John Markham, had a deadly dispute with a man by the name of Walker.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Walker was a comparatively new comer to the town, or he would have known better than to gamble with Markham as he did and arouse his enmity.

woundednounUS /ˈwuːndɪd/

people who are wounded

From this reading Walker was discovered wounded, and cared for, but with little hope of his recovery.

Chapter 4 of The Zeit-Geist by L. (Lily) Dougall holds 176 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Zeit-Geist contain?

Chapter 4 holds 176 sentences of The Zeit-Geist, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Zeit-Geist by L. (Lily) Dougall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 176 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Zeit-Geist?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Zeit-Geist

Common questions about reading The Zeit-Geist by L. (Lily) Dougall on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Zeit-Geist?

Yes. All 1696 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18054 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Zeit-Geist is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18054, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Zeit-Geist take to read?

About 141 minutes of reading across 340 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Zeit-Geist section by section

How to work through The Zeit-Geist section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of The Zeit-Geist to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Zeit-Geist

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Zeit-Geist, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Prologue
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Zeit-Geist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
To-day
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Zeit-Geist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Zeit-Geist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Where
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Zeit-Geist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.