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Theatrical and Circus Life
Theatrical and Circus Life

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Theatrical and Circus Life is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
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THE AMERICAN THEATRE.
Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.
It declined so rapidly after Garrick deserted it that its manager, Wm.
Hallam, failed in 1750, and the theatre was closed.
Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Theatrical and Circus Life

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Theatrical and Circus Life is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE AMERICAN THEATRE.
/ðə əˈmerəkən ˈθiːətər/
Line 2
Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.
Line 3
It declined so rapidly after Garrick deserted it that its manager, Wm.
Line 4
Hallam, failed in 1750, and the theatre was closed.
Line 5
Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bloodthirsty adjective US /ˈblʌdθɜːrsti/

marked by eagerness to resort to violence and bloodshed

From this reading “Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.”

comedian noun US /kəˈmiːdiən/

a professional performer who tells jokes and performs comical acts

From this reading “Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.”

Dorado noun US /dɔːˈrɑːdoʊ/

a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Reticulum and Pictor; contains most of the Large Magellanic Cloud

From this reading “Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.”

Garrick noun US /ˈɡerɪk/

English actor and theater manager who was the foremost Shakespearean actor of his day (1717-1779)

From this reading “Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.”

Goodman's noun US /ˈɡʊdmænz/

possessive form of “goodman” — United States clarinetist who in 1934 formed a big band (including black as well as white musicians) and introduced a kind of jazz known as swing (1909-1986)

From this reading “Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.”

organize verb US /ˈɔːrɡənaɪz/

create (as an entity)

From this reading “Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.”

replenished verb US /riˈplenɪʃt/

past form of “replenish” — fill something that had previously been emptied

From this reading “Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.”

scalped verb US /skælpt/

past form of “scalp” — sell illegally, as on the black market

From this reading “Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

run the risk verb + article + noun counted as “run … risk”

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

In this reading “Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.”

last century adjective + noun

In this reading “Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.”

New World adjective + noun

the hemisphere that includes North America and South America

In this reading “Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.”

look upon verb + particle

look on as or consider

In this reading “Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.”

about the middle preposition + article + noun counted as “about … middle”

In this reading “Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.”

consulted with verb + particle counted as “consult with”

In this reading “Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1750

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hallam, failed in 1750, and the theatre was closed.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

actornounUS /ˈæktər/

a theatrical performer

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

actorsnounUS /ˈæktərz/

plural of “actor” — a theatrical performer

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading It declined so rapidly after Garrick deserted it that its manager, Wm.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

AMERICANnounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading THE AMERICAN THEATRE.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

bloodthirstyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdθɜːrsti/

marked by eagerness to resort to violence and bloodshed

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

cheerfuladjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪrfəl/

being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

citizensnounUS /ˈsɪtəzənz/

plural of “citizen” — a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading Hallam, failed in 1750, and the theatre was closed.

comediannounUS /kəˈmiːdiən/

a professional performer who tells jokes and performs comical acts

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

conclusionnounUS /kənˈkluːʒən/

a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

consultedverbUS /kənˈsʌltəd/

past form of “consult” — get or ask advice from

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

cradled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

DavynounUS /ˈdeɪvi/

English chemist who was a pioneer in electrochemistry and who used it to isolate elements sodium and potassium and barium and boron and calcium and magnesium and chlorine (1778-1829)

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

declineverbUS /dɪˈklaɪn/

grow worse

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

declinedverbUS /dɪˈklaɪnd/

past form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading It declined so rapidly after Garrick deserted it that its manager, Wm.

desertedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading It declined so rapidly after Garrick deserted it that its manager, Wm.

DoradonounUS /dɔːˈrɑːdoʊ/

a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Reticulum and Pictor; contains most of the Large Magellanic Cloud

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

Drury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

ElnounUS /el/

angular distance above the horizon (especially of a celestial object)

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading Hallam, failed in 1750, and the theatre was closed.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

FieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

GarricknounUS /ˈɡerɪk/

English actor and theater manager who was the foremost Shakespearean actor of his day (1717-1779)

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

Good-naturedadjective

having an easygoing and cheerful disposition

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

Goodman'snounUS /ˈɡʊdmænz/

possessive form of “goodman” — United States clarinetist who in 1934 formed a big band (including black as well as white musicians) and introduced a kind of jazz known as swing (1909-1986)

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

Hallam

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hallam, failed in 1750, and the theatre was closed.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It declined so rapidly after Garrick deserted it that its manager, Wm.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

LanenounUS /leɪn/

a narrow way or road

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

LewisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States rock star singer and pianist (born in 1935)

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

liberaladjectiveUS /ˈlɪbɜːrəl/

showing or characterized by broad-mindedness

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

managernounUS /ˈmænədʒər/

someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading It declined so rapidly after Garrick deserted it that its manager, Wm.

managersnounUS /ˈmænədʒərz/

plural of “manager” — someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

organizeverbUS /ˈɔːrɡənaɪz/

create (as an entity)

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading It declined so rapidly after Garrick deserted it that its manager, Wm.

replenishedverbUS /riˈplenɪʃt/

past form of “replenish” — fill something that had previously been emptied

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

risknounUS /rɪsk/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

rosy-cheekedadjective

having the pinkish flush of health

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

scalpedverbUS /skælpt/

past form of “scalp” — sell illegally, as on the black market

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It declined so rapidly after Garrick deserted it that its manager, Wm.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It declined so rapidly after Garrick deserted it that its manager, Wm.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE AMERICAN THEATRE.

THEATREnounUS /ˈθiːətər/

a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading THE AMERICAN THEATRE.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

tomahawk-wielding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

tragediannoun

a writer (especially a playwright) who writes tragedies

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

Wm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It declined so rapidly after Garrick deserted it that its manager, Wm.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Hallam at once turned his thoughts toward America as a field in which his fortune might be replenished,--English actors and managers still look upon this country as an El Dorado,--and so he consulted with his brother Lewis Hallam, a comedian, and the two came to the conclusion to organize a company and run the risk of being scalped by what they considered the liberal but bloodthirsty tomahawk-wielding citizens of the New World.

zenithnounUS /ˈziːnəθ/

the point above the observer that is directly opposite the nadir on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading Good-natured, rosy-cheeked, cheerful little Davy Garrick, as Dr. Johnson called the tragedian, was in the zenith of his glory at the Drury Lane, London, about the middle of the last century, and Goodman's Fields, which had cradled the wonderful actor, was in its decline.

Chapter 3 of Theatrical and Circus Life by John J. (John Joseph) Jennings holds 59 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Theatrical and Circus Life contain?

Chapter 3 holds 59 sentences of Theatrical and Circus Life, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Theatrical and Circus Life by John J. (John Joseph) Jennings exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 59 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Theatrical and Circus Life?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Theatrical and Circus Life

Common questions about reading Theatrical and Circus Life by John J. (John Joseph) Jennings on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Theatrical and Circus Life?

Yes. All 5488 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49517 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Theatrical and Circus Life is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49517, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Theatrical and Circus Life take to read?

About 457 minutes of reading across 1098 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Theatrical and Circus Life section by section

How to work through Theatrical and Circus Life section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Theatrical and Circus Life

Words and structures a reader meets early in Theatrical and Circus Life, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Secrets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Theatrical and Circus Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Theatrical and Circus Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Green-room
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Theatrical and Circus Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sawdust
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Theatrical and Circus Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.