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Theatrical and Circus Life
Theatrical and Circus Life

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Theatrical and Circus Life is here in full — 119 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
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THE ILLUSIONS OF THE STAGE.
A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.
Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.
It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.
It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Theatrical and Circus Life

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Theatrical and Circus Life is here in full — 119 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ILLUSIONS OF THE STAGE.
/ðə ˌɪˈluːʒənz ʌv ðə steɪdʒ/
Line 2
A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.
Line 3
Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.
/ruːˈsoʊ hæz left ə dɪˈskrɪpʃən ʌv ðə ˈperɪs ˈɑːprə haʊs æz hiː sɔː ɪt ənd ɪt wɪl biː faʊnd ˈɪntrəstɪŋ tuː ɔːl huː ɑːr əˈkweɪntɪd wɪð ðə ˈmeθədz ənd ðə ˈæbsəluːt ˈmæɡnətuːd ʌv ðə ˈθiːətər ʌv ðə ˈprezənt deɪ/
Line 4
It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.
/ɪt mʌst biː rɪˈmembərd ˌhaʊˈevər wen kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˈsmɔːlnəs ʌv ðə steɪdʒ dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ ruːˈsoʊ ðæt ɪt wɑːz blɑːkt ʌp ɑːn boʊθ saɪdz æz wɑːz ðə ˈɜːrli ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ steɪdʒ baɪ ðə ərˌɪstəˈkrætɪk ˈsekʃən ʌv ðə ˈɑːdiəns huː sæt ɪn roʊz baɪ ðə saɪd ʌv ðə ˈsɪŋərz waɪl ðə pləˈbiːən ˈmjuːzɪk ˈlʌvərz stʊd ʌp ɪn ðə pɪt/
Line 5
It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

actresses noun US /ˈæktrəsɪz/

plural of “actress” — a female actor

From this reading “It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.”

boxed adjective US /bɑːkst/

enclosed in or set off by a border or box

From this reading “It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.”

Chesterfield noun US /ˈtʃestərfiːld/

suave and witty English statesman remembered mostly for letters to his son (1694-1773)

From this reading “It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.”

Leger noun US /ˈledʒər/

a record in which commercial accounts are recorded

From this reading “It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.”

plebeian noun US /pləˈbiːən/

one of the common people

From this reading “It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.”

Rousseau noun US /ruːˈsoʊ/

French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778)

From this reading “Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.”

scenic adjective US /ˈsiːnɪk/

used of locations; having beautiful natural scenery

From this reading “A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.”

smallness noun US /ˈsmɔːlnəs/

the property of having a relatively small size

From this reading “It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.”

across the stage preposition + article + noun counted as “across … stage”

In this reading “It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.”

same condition adjective + noun

In this reading “It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.”

stood up verb + adjective

In this reading “It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.”

present day verb + noun

In this reading “Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.”

passed across verb + particle counted as “pass across”

make a passage or journey from one place to another

In this reading “It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.”

existed in verb + particle counted as “exist in”

In this reading “A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.”

by the side preposition + article + noun counted as “by … side”

In this reading “It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.”

All words in this reading · 134

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

absoluteadjectiveUS /ˈæbsəluːt/

perfect or complete or pure

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

actorsnounUS /ˈæktərz/

plural of “actor” — a theatrical performer

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

actressnounUS /ˈæktrəs/

a female actor

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

actressesnounUS /ˈæktrəsɪz/

plural of “actress” — a female actor

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

apologynounUS /əˈpɑːlədʒiː/

an expression of regret at having caused trouble for someone

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

applaudedverbUS /əˈplɔːdɪd/

past form of “applaud” — clap one's hands or shout after performances to indicate approval

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

aristocraticadjectiveUS /ərˌɪstəˈkrætɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

audiencenounUS /ˈɑːdiəns/

a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

barenessnoun

a bleak and desolate atmosphere

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

Bellamy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

blockedadjectiveUS /blɑːkt/

closed to traffic

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

boxnounUS /bɑːks/

a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

boxedadjectiveUS /bɑːkst/

enclosed in or set off by a border or box

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

ChesterfieldnounUS /ˈtʃestərfiːld/

suave and witty English statesman remembered mostly for letters to his son (1694-1773)

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

consideringverbUS /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “consider” — deem to be

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

costumenounUS /kɑːˈstuːm/

the attire worn in a play or at a fancy dress ball

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

decorationsnounUS /ˌdekərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “decoration” — something used to beautify

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

DublinnounUS /ˈdʌblɪn/

capital and largest city and major port of the Irish Republic

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

ElizabethannounUS /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

eranounUS /ˈerə/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

gainverbUS /ɡeɪn/

obtain

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

ILLUSIONSnounUS /ˌɪˈluːʒənz/

plural of “illusion” — an erroneous mental representation

From this reading THE ILLUSIONS OF THE STAGE.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

insultedverbUS /ˌɪnˈsʌltɪd/

past form of “insult” — treat, mention, or speak to rudely

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

interruptedadjectiveUS /ˌɪntərˈʌptɪd/

discontinued temporarily

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

kissedverbUS /kɪst/

past form of “kiss” — touch with the lips or press the lips (against someone's mouth or other body part) as an expression of love, greeting, etc.

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

LegernounUS /ˈledʒər/

a record in which commercial accounts are recorded

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

lordlyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːrdliː/

of or befitting a lord

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

loversnounUS /ˈlʌvərz/

plural of “lover” — a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

magnitudenounUS /ˈmæɡnətuːd/

the property of relative size or extent (whether large or small)

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

necknounUS /nek/

the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ILLUSIONS OF THE STAGE.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

OperanounUS /ˈɑːprə/

a drama set to music; consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

paintverbUS /peɪnt/

make a painting

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

patronsnounUS /ˈpeɪtrənz/

plural of “patron” — a regular customer

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

performancenounUS /pərˈfɔːrməns/

a dramatic or musical entertainment

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

pitnounUS /pɪt/

A large hole in the ground, or an abyss of darkness and peril.

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

plebeiannounUS /pləˈbiːən/

one of the common people

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

possibilitynounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː/

a future prospect or potential

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

RousseaunounUS /ruːˈsoʊ/

French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778)

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

rowsnounUS /roʊz/

plural of “row” — an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

scenicadjectiveUS /ˈsiːnɪk/

used of locations; having beautiful natural scenery

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

sectionnounUS /ˈsekʃən/

a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

singersnounUS /ˈsɪŋərz/

plural of “singer” — a person who sings

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

smallnessnounUS /ˈsmɔːlnəs/

the property of having a relatively small size

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

STAGEnounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading THE ILLUSIONS OF THE STAGE.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ILLUSIONS OF THE STAGE.

theatrenounUS /ˈθiːətər/

a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading A person can gain an idea of the extent of stage decorations and the possibility of scenic illusions in the old English theatre by reading a description of the theatre as it existed in its poverty of costume and bareness of paint in the Elizabethan era.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

viceroynounUS /ˈvaɪsrɔɪ/

governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of his or her king or sovereign

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading It must be remembered, however, when considering the smallness of the stage described by Rousseau, that it was blocked up on both sides, as was the early English stage, by the aristocratic section of the audience, who sat in rows by the side of the singers while the plebeian music lovers stood up in the pit.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading It was in exactly the same condition as the English stage, when actors and actresses were interrupted and even insulted by their lordly patrons;--as when Mrs. Bellamy one evening as she passed across the stage at Dublin was kissed upon the neck by a Mr. St. Leger, whose ears the actress boxed there and then; Lord Chesterfield rose in his box on this occasion and applauded; the entire audience followed his example and at the end of the performance St. Leger was obliged by the viceroy to make a public apology to the actress.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Rousseau has left a description of the Paris Opera House as he saw it and it will be found interesting to all who are acquainted with the methods and the absolute magnitude of the theatre of the present day.

Chapter 10 of Theatrical and Circus Life by John J. (John Joseph) Jennings holds 119 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Theatrical and Circus Life contain?

Chapter 10 holds 119 sentences of Theatrical and Circus Life, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Theatrical and Circus Life by John J. (John Joseph) Jennings exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 119 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #49517, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 457 minutes of reading across 1098 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Theatrical and Circus Life

Words and structures a reader meets early in Theatrical and Circus Life, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Secrets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Theatrical and Circus Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Theatrical and Circus Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Green-room
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Theatrical and Circus Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sawdust
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Theatrical and Circus Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.