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Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity
Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE INCANDESCENT LAMP.
=148.
Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.
As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.
It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE INCANDESCENT LAMP.
Line 2
=148.
Line 3
Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.
Line 4
As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.
/æz suːn æz ðɪs wɑːz dɪˈskʌvərd men bɪˈɡæn tuː ɪkˈsperəmənt tuː faɪnd ˈweðər ə ˈpræktəkəl laɪt kʊd ˈɔːlsoʊ biː prəˈduːst/
Line 5
It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.
/ɪt wɑːz faʊnd ðæt ə ˈwaɪər kʊd biː kept hɑːt baɪ ˈkɑːnstəntli ˈpæsɪŋ ə ˈkɜːrənt θruː ɪt ənd ðæt ðə laɪt ˈɡɪvən aʊt frʌm ɪt bɪˈkeɪm ˈwaɪtər ənd ˈwaɪtər æz ðə ˈwaɪər bɪˈkeɪm ˈhɑːtər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conductor noun US /kənˈdʌktər/

the person who leads a musical group

From this reading “Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.”

experiment noun US /ɪkˈsperəmənt/

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading “As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.”

flows noun US /floʊz/

plural of “flow” — the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading “Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.”

hotter adjective US /ˈhɑːtər/

comparative of “hot” — used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading “It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.”

incandescent adjective US /ˌɪnkənˈdesənt/

emitting light as a result of being heated

From this reading “HOW LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE INCANDESCENT LAMP.”

offers noun US /ˈɔːfərz/

plural of “offer” — the verbal act of offering

From this reading “Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.”

produces noun US /prəˈduːsəz/

plural of “produce” — fresh fruits and vegetable grown for the market

From this reading “Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.”

whiter adjective US /ˈwaɪtər/

comparative of “white” — being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness; having little or no hue owing to reflection of almost all incident light

From this reading “It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

electric current adjective + noun

a flow of electricity through a conductor

In this reading “Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.”

PRODUCED BY verb + particle counted as “produce by”

In this reading “HOW LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE INCANDESCENT LAMP.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

148

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading =148.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading HOW LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE INCANDESCENT LAMP.

conductornounUS /kənˈdʌktər/

the person who leads a musical group

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

electricadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektrɪk/

using or providing or producing or transmitting or operated by electricity

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

experimentnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənt/

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

flowsnounUS /floʊz/

plural of “flow” — the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

hotteradjectiveUS /ˈhɑːtər/

comparative of “hot” — used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE INCANDESCENT LAMP.

Incandescencenoun

the phenomenon of light emission by a body as its temperature is raised

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

INCANDESCENTadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkənˈdesənt/

emitting light as a result of being heated

From this reading HOW LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE INCANDESCENT LAMP.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading HOW LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE INCANDESCENT LAMP.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

LAMPnounUS /læmp/

an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading HOW LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE INCANDESCENT LAMP.

LIGHTadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading HOW LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE INCANDESCENT LAMP.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

offersnounUS /ˈɔːfərz/

plural of “offer” — the verbal act of offering

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

PRODUCEDverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading HOW LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE INCANDESCENT LAMP.

producesnounUS /prəˈduːsəz/

plural of “produce” — fresh fruits and vegetable grown for the market

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

resistancenounUS /rɪˈzɪstəns/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE INCANDESCENT LAMP.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Incandescence.= We have just seen that the electric current produces heat when it flows through a conductor that offers considerable resistance to it.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading As soon as this was discovered men began to experiment to find whether a practical light could also be produced.

whiteradjectiveUS /ˈwaɪtər/

comparative of “white” — being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness; having little or no hue owing to reflection of almost all incident light

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

wirenounUS /ˈwaɪər/

ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc

From this reading It was found that a wire could be kept hot by constantly passing a current through it, and that the light given out from it became whiter and whiter as the wire became hotter.

Chapter 23 of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity by Thomas M. (Thomas Matthew) St. John holds 56 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity contain?

Chapter 23 holds 56 sentences of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity by Thomas M. (Thomas Matthew) St. John exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 56 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity

Common questions about reading Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity by Thomas M. (Thomas Matthew) St. John on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity?

Yes. All 1435 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44665 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44665, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity take to read?

About 119 minutes of reading across 287 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity section by section

How to work through Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 28 chapters of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity

Words and structures a reader meets early in Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Characters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Curly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Things a Boy Should Know About Electricity; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.