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Things To Make
Things To Make

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Things To Make is here in full — 1567 sentences across 314 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Things To Make
Context Illustration Reading 1/313 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.
Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.
The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.
If needed, asbestos packing can easily be inserted between plug and cap.
Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Things To Make

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Things To Make is here in full — 1567 sentences across 314 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/313 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.
Line 2
Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.
/biːt ðə ˈnɑːzəl aʊt ʌv ʃeɪp tuː ɡɪv ruːm fɔːr ðə ɪˈskeɪp ʌv ðə er dɪˈspleɪst baɪ ðə ˈwɔːtər/
Line 3
The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.
Line 4
If needed, asbestos packing can easily be inserted between plug and cap.
/ɪf ˈniːdəd æsˈbestəs ˈpækɪŋ kæn ˈiːzəli biː ˌɪnˈsɜːrtəd bɪˈtwiːn plʌɡ ənd kæp/
Line 5
Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

asbestos noun US /æsˈbestəs/

a fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer

From this reading “If needed, asbestos packing can easily be inserted between plug and cap.”

boilers noun US /ˈbɔɪlərz/

plural of “boiler” — sealed vessel where water is converted to steam

From this reading “Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.”

displaced verb US /dɪˈspleɪst/

past form of “displace” — cause to move, usually with force or pressure

From this reading “Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.”

funnel noun US /ˈfʌnəl/

a conical shape with a wider and a narrower opening at the two ends

From this reading “Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.”

inserted verb US /ˌɪnˈsɜːrtəd/

past form of “insert” — put or introduce into something

From this reading “If needed, asbestos packing can easily be inserted between plug and cap.”

nozzle noun US /ˈnɑːzəl/

a projecting spout from which a fluid is discharged

From this reading “Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.”

packing noun US /ˈpækɪŋ/

any material used especially to protect something

From this reading “The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.”

plug verb US /plʌɡ/

fill or close tightly with or as if with a plug

From this reading “The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If needed, asbestos packing can easily be inserted between plug and cap.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

asbestosnounUS /æsˈbestəs/

a fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer

From this reading If needed, asbestos packing can easily be inserted between plug and cap.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

BeatverbUS /biːt/

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading If needed, asbestos packing can easily be inserted between plug and cap.

boilersnounUS /ˈbɔɪlərz/

plural of “boiler” — sealed vessel where water is converted to steam

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading If needed, asbestos packing can easily be inserted between plug and cap.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

CapsnounUS /kæps/

plural of “cap” — a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

displacedverbUS /dɪˈspleɪst/

past form of “displace” — cause to move, usually with force or pressure

From this reading Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading If needed, asbestos packing can easily be inserted between plug and cap.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

FillingnounUS /ˈfɪlɪŋ/

any material that fills a space or container

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

funnelnounUS /ˈfʌnəl/

a conical shape with a wider and a narrower opening at the two ends

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

furnacenounUS /ˈfɜːrnəs/

an enclosed chamber in which heat is produced to heat buildings, destroy refuse, smelt or refine ores, etc.

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.

good-sized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

insertedverbUS /ˌɪnˈsɜːrtəd/

past form of “insert” — put or introduce into something

From this reading If needed, asbestos packing can easily be inserted between plug and cap.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

mud-hole

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

Mud-holes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

neededadjectiveUS /ˈniːdəd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading If needed, asbestos packing can easily be inserted between plug and cap.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

nozzlenounUS /ˈnɑːzəl/

a projecting spout from which a fluid is discharged

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.

packingnounUS /ˈpækɪŋ/

any material used especially to protect something

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

plugverbUS /plʌɡ/

fill or close tightly with or as if with a plug

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

properlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːpərli/

in the right manner; correctly; suitably

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

self-seating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

smallestadjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːləst/

superlative of “small” — limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Mud-holes.—All but the smallest boilers should have a mud-hole and plug in the bottom at a point not directly exposed to the furnace.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

spareverbUS /sper/

refrain from harming

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

steam-tight

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Beat the nozzle out of shape, to give room for the escape of the air displaced by the water.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Filling Caps.—The filling cap should be large enough to take the nozzle of a good-sized funnel with some room to spare.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The best form of filling cap has a self-seating ground plug, which, if properly made, is steam-tight without any packing.

Chapter 2 of Things To Make by Archibald Williams holds 1567 sentences, grouped into 314 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Things To Make contain?

Chapter 2 holds 1567 sentences of Things To Make, unabridged, divided into 314 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Things To Make by Archibald Williams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1567 sentences, grouped into 314 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Things To Make?

Work through the 314 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 314 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Things To Make

Common questions about reading Things To Make by Archibald Williams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Things To Make?

Yes. All 3108 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14664 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Things To Make is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14664, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Things To Make take to read?

About 259 minutes of reading across 622 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Things To Make section by section

How to work through Things To Make section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of Things To Make to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Things To Make

Words and structures a reader meets early in Things To Make, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Simple
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Things To Make; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tools
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Things To Make; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Items
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Things To Make; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Original
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Things To Make; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.