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Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the
Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ROBBER GAMBLERS OF SAN FRANCISCO.--ENGAGED BY COL.
ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.
Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.
Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.
There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ROBBER GAMBLERS OF SAN FRANCISCO.--ENGAGED BY COL.
Line 2
ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.
Line 3
Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.
Line 4
Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.
Line 5
There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.
/ðer wɜːr ɔːl kaɪndz ʌv ɡeɪmz ənd ɔːl kaɪndz ʌv træps tuː kætʃ ðə ˈɑːnəst ˈmaɪnər ənd rɑːb hɪm ʌv hɪz ˈmʌni ðæt hiː hæd ˈleɪbərd hɑːrd tuː dɪɡ aʊt ʌv ðə ɡraʊnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

gamblers noun US /ˈɡæmblərz/

plural of “gambler” — a person who wagers money on the outcome of games or sporting events

From this reading “ROBBER GAMBLERS OF SAN FRANCISCO.--ENGAGED BY COL.”

kills noun US /kɪlz/

plural of “kill” — the act of terminating a life

From this reading “ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.”

labored adjective US /ˈleɪbərd/

lacking natural ease

From this reading “There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.”

miner noun US /ˈmaɪnər/

laborer who works in a mine

From this reading “There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.”

promoted verb US /prəˈmoʊtɪd/

past form of “promote” — contribute to the progress or growth of

From this reading “ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.”

scalps noun US /skælps/

plural of “scalp” — the skin that covers the top of the head

From this reading “ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.”

scout noun US /skaʊt/

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading “ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.”

traps noun US /træps/

plural of “trap” — a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned

From this reading “There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.

ArrivingverbUS /ərˈaɪvɪŋ/

-ing form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

ASconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ROBBER GAMBLERS OF SAN FRANCISCO.--ENGAGED BY COL.

CalifornianounUS /ˌkæləˈfɔːrnjə/

a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

catchverbUS /kætʃ/

discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

CHIEFnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

COLnoun

a pass between mountain peaks

From this reading ROBBER GAMBLERS OF SAN FRANCISCO.--ENGAGED BY COL.

digverbUS /dɪɡ/

turn up, loosen, or remove earth

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

ELLIOTT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.

ENGAGEDadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading ROBBER GAMBLERS OF SAN FRANCISCO.--ENGAGED BY COL.

excitementnounUS /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/

the feeling of lively and cheerful joy

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

FIVEnounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

FRANCISCO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROBBER GAMBLERS OF SAN FRANCISCO.--ENGAGED BY COL.

GAMBLERSnounUS /ˈɡæmblərz/

plural of “gambler” — a person who wagers money on the outcome of games or sporting events

From this reading ROBBER GAMBLERS OF SAN FRANCISCO.--ENGAGED BY COL.

gamblingnounUS /ˈɡæmbəlɪŋ/

the act of playing for stakes in the hope of winning (including the payment of a price for a chance to win a prize)

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

gamesnounUS /ɡeɪmz/

plural of “game” — a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

INDIANadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.

INDIANSnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.

KILLSnounUS /kɪlz/

plural of “kill” — the act of terminating a life

From this reading ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

laboredadjectiveUS /ˈleɪbərd/

lacking natural ease

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

livelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪvli/

full of life and energy

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

minernounUS /ˈmaɪnər/

laborer who works in a mine

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ROBBER GAMBLERS OF SAN FRANCISCO.--ENGAGED BY COL.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

PROMOTEDverbUS /prəˈmoʊtɪd/

past form of “promote” — contribute to the progress or growth of

From this reading ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.

robverbUS /rɑːb/

take something away by force or without the consent of the owner

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

ROBBERnounUS /ˈrɑːbər/

a thief who steals from someone by threatening violence

From this reading ROBBER GAMBLERS OF SAN FRANCISCO.--ENGAGED BY COL.

SAN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROBBER GAMBLERS OF SAN FRANCISCO.--ENGAGED BY COL.

scalenounUS /skeɪl/

an ordered reference standard

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

SCALPSnounUS /skælps/

plural of “scalp” — the skin that covers the top of the head

From this reading ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.

SCOUTnounUS /skaʊt/

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ELLIOTT AS INDIAN SCOUT.--KILLS AND SCALPS FIVE INDIANS.--PROMOTED TO CHIEF SCOUT.

trapsnounUS /træps/

plural of “trap” — a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Here was the first city of note that I had been in since leaving St. Louis; here also was the first time I had seen gambling going on on a large scale.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Arriving at San Francisco we found things very lively, this being about the time of the greatest gold excitement in California.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were all kinds of games and all kinds of traps to catch the honest miner and rob him of his money that he had labored hard to dig out of the ground.

Chapter 8 of Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the by William F. Drannan holds 168 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the contain?

Chapter 8 holds 168 sentences of Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the by William F. Drannan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 168 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #5337, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 449 minutes of reading across 1078 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the

Words and structures a reader meets early in Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Beginning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Adventurous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Turkey
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.