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Thirty Years on the Frontier
Thirty Years on the Frontier

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Thirty Years on the Frontier is here in full — 439 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Thirty Years on the Frontier
Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”
TO LOUIS TALIAFERRO, _Colorado Springs, Colorado_.
In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.
As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.
My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Thirty Years on the Frontier

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Thirty Years on the Frontier is here in full — 439 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”
Line 2
TO LOUIS TALIAFERRO, _Colorado Springs, Colorado_.
Line 3
In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.
/ɪn ðə ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ˈpeɪdʒəz aɪ ʃæl tel ʌv mʌtʃ ˈpɜːrsɪnəl ɪkˈspɪriəns æz wel æz ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt ˈɪnsədənts wɪtʃ hæv kʌm ˈʌndər maɪ ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈθɜːrdiː jɪrz ɑːn ðə frənˈtɪr/
Line 4
As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.
/æz ə ˈkaʊbɔɪ ˈmaɪnər ənd ˌpaɪəˈnɪr aɪ hæv pɑːrˈtɪsəpeɪtɪd ɪn ˈmeni ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ɪˈvents nʌn ʌv wɪtʃ ˌhaʊˈevər kɑːzd miː ðə prəˈlɔːŋd ɡriːf ðæt ə ˈsɜːrtən ˈbɑːmʃel əˈfer dɪd wen aɪ wɑːz ə bɔɪ rɪˈzʌltɪŋ ɪn ə ˈnuːzpeɪpər ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd ˈhæbət ʌv ˈtelɪŋ θɪŋz ənd ɪˈventʃəwəli led tuː maɪ ˈkʌmɪŋ west/
Line 5
My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.
/maɪ ˈɡrændfɑːðərz ˌplænˈteɪʃən ɪn kənˈtʌki ənd ˈnɪrli ˈɑːpəzət ðə taʊn ʌv ˈnuːbərɡ ɑːn ðə ˌɪndiˈænə saɪd wɑːz æz mʌtʃ maɪ hoʊm æz wɑːz maɪ ˈmʌðərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bombshell noun US /ˈbɑːmʃel/

an entertainer who has a sensational effect

From this reading “As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.”

Colorado noun US /ˌkɑːlərˈɑːdoʊ/

a state in west central United States in the Rocky Mountains

grandfather's noun US /ˈɡrændfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “grandfather” — the father of your father or mother

Indiana noun US /ˌɪndiˈænə/

a state in midwestern United States

From this reading “My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.”

Newburgh noun US /ˈnuːbərɡ/

a town on the Hudson River in New York; in 1782 and 1783 it was George Washington's headquarters

From this reading “My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.”

participated verb US /pɑːrˈtɪsəpeɪtɪd/

past form of “participate” — share in something

From this reading “As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.”

resulting verb US /rɪˈzʌltɪŋ/

-ing form of “result” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading “As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.”

Wilkes noun US /wɪlks/

English reformer who published attacks on George III and supported the rights of the American colonists (1727-1797)

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

thirty years noun + noun

In this reading “In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.”

exciting events adjective + noun counted as “exciting event”

In this reading “As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.”

nearly opposite adverb + adjective

In this reading “My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.”

following pages adjective + noun counted as “following page”

In this reading “In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.”

participated in verb + particle counted as “participate in”

In this reading “As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.”

on the frontier preposition + article + noun counted as “on … frontier”

In this reading “In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.”

in a newspaper preposition + article + noun counted as “in … newspaper”

In this reading “As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

affairnounUS /əˈfer/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

bombshellnounUS /ˈbɑːmʃel/

an entertainer who has a sensational effect

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

ColoradonounUS /ˌkɑːlərˈɑːdoʊ/

a state in west central United States in the Rocky Mountains

From this reading TO LOUIS TALIAFERRO, _Colorado Springs, Colorado_.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

cowboynounUS /ˈkaʊbɔɪ/

a hired hand who tends cattle and performs other duties on horseback

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

eventuallyadverbUS /ɪˈventʃəwəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

excitingadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/

creating or arousing excitement

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

FactsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

FanciesnounUS /ˈfænsiz/

plural of “fancy” — something many people believe that is false

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

grandfather'snounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “grandfather” — the father of your father or mother

From this reading My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.

griefnounUS /ɡriːf/

intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

incidentsnounUS /ˈɪnsədənts/

plural of “incident” — a single distinct event

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

IndiananounUS /ˌɪndiˈænə/

a state in midwestern United States

From this reading My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.

JeannounUS /dʒiːn/

a coarse durable twill-weave cotton fabric

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

KentuckynounUS /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

LOUISnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading TO LOUIS TALIAFERRO, _Colorado Springs, Colorado_.

LuxurynounUS /ˈlʌɡʒəri/

something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

minernounUS /ˈmaɪnər/

laborer who works in a mine

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

ModernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

mother'snounUS /ˈmʌðərz/

possessive form of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.

NewburghnounUS /ˈnuːbərɡ/

a town on the Hudson River in New York; in 1782 and 1783 it was George Washington's headquarters

From this reading My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.

newspapernounUS /ˈnuːzpeɪpər/

a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

participatedverbUS /pɑːrˈtɪsəpeɪtɪd/

past form of “participate” — share in something

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

pioneernounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/

someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

plantationnounUS /ˌplænˈteɪʃən/

an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)

From this reading My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.

PovertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

prolongedadjectiveUS /prəˈlɔːŋd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

resultingverbUS /rɪˈzʌltɪŋ/

-ing form of “result” — issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

Rodney

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.

SpringsnounUS /sprɪŋz/

plural of “spring” — the season of growth

From this reading TO LOUIS TALIAFERRO, _Colorado Springs, Colorado_.

TALIAFERRO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TO LOUIS TALIAFERRO, _Colorado Springs, Colorado_.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

tellingadjectiveUS /ˈtelɪŋ/

disclosing unintentionally something concealed

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading TO LOUIS TALIAFERRO, _Colorado Springs, Colorado_.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading My grandfather’s plantation in Kentucky and nearly opposite the town of Newburgh, on the Indiana side, was as much my home as was my mother’s.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

Valjean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading As a cowboy, miner and pioneer, I have participated in many exciting events, none of which, however, caused me the prolonged grief that a certain bombshell affair did when I was a boy, resulting in a newspaper experience and habit of telling things, and eventually led to my coming West.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

WilkesnounUS /wɪlks/

English reformer who published attacks on George III and supported the rights of the American colonists (1727-1797)

From this reading “_Rodney Wilkes_,” “_The Luxury of Poverty_,” “_A Modern Jean Valjean_,” “_Facts and Fancies_.”

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading In the following pages I shall tell of much personal experience as well as important incidents which have come under my observation during thirty years on the frontier.

Chapter 1 of Thirty Years on the Frontier by Robert McReynolds holds 439 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Thirty Years on the Frontier contain?

Chapter 1 holds 439 sentences of Thirty Years on the Frontier, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Thirty Years on the Frontier by Robert McReynolds exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 439 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Thirty Years on the Frontier?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Thirty Years on the Frontier

Common questions about reading Thirty Years on the Frontier by Robert McReynolds on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Thirty Years on the Frontier?

Yes. All 2194 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44032 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Thirty Years on the Frontier is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44032, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Thirty Years on the Frontier take to read?

About 182 minutes of reading across 439 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Thirty Years on the Frontier section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Thirty Years on the Frontier

Words and structures a reader meets early in Thirty Years on the Frontier, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Rodney
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thirty Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wilkes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thirty Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Luxury
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thirty Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poverty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thirty Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.