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Thirty Years on the Frontier
Thirty Years on the Frontier

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Thirty Years on the Frontier is here in full — 438 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Thirty Years on the Frontier
Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.
I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.
These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.
Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.
They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Thirty Years on the Frontier

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Thirty Years on the Frontier is here in full — 438 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.
/ðə ˈbleɪzɪŋ sʌn wɑːz jet haɪ wen wiː wɜːr ɪn ˈaʊər ˈsædəlz ənd ˈmuːvɪŋ əˈweɪ/
Line 2
I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.
/aɪ sɔː ə ˈvʌltʃər ˈsɜːrkəlɪŋ əˈbʌv ðə ˈbætəlfiːld wʌn tuː ðen ə ˈdʌzən ðen ə skɔːr/
Line 3
These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.
Line 4
Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.
/naɪt kʌmz ˈsʌdənli ɪn ðə ˈtrɑːpɪks wen ðə sʌn dɪps bɪˈɑːnd ðə siː bʌt hiːr ənd ðer ɪn ðə ˈvæli wɜːr laɪts ˈlæntərn laɪk æt fɜːrst ˈspredɪŋ suːn laɪk ə lɔːŋ ˈpreri ˈfaɪər/
Line 5
They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.
/ðeɪ wɜːr ɪn ðə keɪn fiːldz wɪtʃ ˈaʊər men wɜːr ˈfaɪrɪŋ ənd æz ðə fleɪmz swept ɑːn ðə ˈbɜːrstɪŋ stɔːks ˈsaʊndɪd laɪk ə ˈbætəl wɪð laɪt rɪˈvɑːlvərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

battlefield noun US /ˈbætəlfiːld/

a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought

From this reading “I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.”

dips noun US /dɪps/

plural of “dip” — a depression in an otherwise level surface

From this reading “Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.”

revolvers noun US /rɪˈvɑːlvərz/

plural of “revolver” — a pistol with a revolving cylinder (usually having six chambers for bullets)

From this reading “They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.”

saddles noun US /ˈsædəlz/

plural of “saddle” — a seat for the rider of a horse or other animal

From this reading “The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.”

scavengers noun US /ˈskævəndʒərz/

plural of “scavenger” — a chemical agent that is added to a chemical mixture to counteract the effects of impurities

From this reading “These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.”

stalks noun US /stɔːks/

plural of “stalk” — material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds

From this reading “They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.”

tropics noun US /ˈtrɑːpɪks/

the part of the Earth's surface between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn; characterized by a hot climate

From this reading “Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.”

vulture noun US /ˈvʌltʃər/

any of various large diurnal birds of prey having naked heads and weak claws and feeding chiefly on carrion

From this reading “I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

blazing sun adjective + noun

In this reading “The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.”

beyond the sea preposition + article + noun counted as “beyond … sea”

In this reading “Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.”

in the tropics preposition + article + noun counted as “in … tropics”

In this reading “Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.”

in the valley preposition + article + noun counted as “in … valley”

In this reading “Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

battlefieldnounUS /ˈbætəlfiːld/

a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought

From this reading I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

black-winged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.

blazingadjectiveUS /ˈbleɪzɪŋ/

shining intensely

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

burstingverbUS /ˈbɜːrstɪŋ/

-ing form of “burst” — come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

canenounUS /keɪn/

a stick that people can lean on to help them walk

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

circlingverbUS /ˈsɜːrkəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “circle” — travel around something

From this reading I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

contemplationnounUS /ˌkɑːntəmˈpleɪʃən/

a long and thoughtful observation

From this reading These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.

dipsnounUS /dɪps/

plural of “dip” — a depression in an otherwise level surface

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

firingnounUS /ˈfaɪrɪŋ/

the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

flamesnounUS /fleɪmz/

plural of “flame” — the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

lanternnounUS /ˈlæntərn/

light in a transparent protective case

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

NightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

prairienounUS /ˈpreri/

a treeless grassy plain

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

revolversnounUS /rɪˈvɑːlvərz/

plural of “revolver” — a pistol with a revolving cylinder (usually having six chambers for bullets)

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

saddlesnounUS /ˈsædəlz/

plural of “saddle” — a seat for the rider of a horse or other animal

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.

scavengersnounUS /ˈskævəndʒərz/

plural of “scavenger” — a chemical agent that is added to a chemical mixture to counteract the effects of impurities

From this reading These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.

scentedadjectiveUS /ˈsentɪd/

having the sense of smell

From this reading These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.

scorenounUS /skɔːr/

a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance)

From this reading I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

soundedverbUS /ˈsaʊndɪd/

past form of “sound” — appear in a certain way

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

spreadingnounUS /ˈspredɪŋ/

process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

stalksnounUS /stɔːks/

plural of “stalk” — material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

sweptadjectiveUS /swept/

possessing sweep

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These black-winged scavengers had scented death, and there let contemplation end.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

tropicsnounUS /ˈtrɑːpɪks/

the part of the Earth's surface between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn; characterized by a hot climate

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading Night comes suddenly in the tropics, when the sun dips beyond the sea, but here and there in the valley were lights, lantern like at first, spreading soon like a long prairie fire.

vulturenounUS /ˈvʌltʃər/

any of various large diurnal birds of prey having naked heads and weak claws and feeding chiefly on carrion

From this reading I saw a vulture circling above the battlefield, one, two, then a dozen, then a score.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They were in the cane fields which our men were firing, and as the flames swept on, the bursting stalks sounded like a battle with light revolvers.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The blazing sun was yet high when we were in our saddles and moving away.

Chapter 4 of Thirty Years on the Frontier by Robert McReynolds holds 438 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Thirty Years on the Frontier contain?

Chapter 4 holds 438 sentences of Thirty Years on the Frontier, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Thirty Years on the Frontier by Robert McReynolds exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 438 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Thirty Years on the Frontier?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Thirty Years on the Frontier

Common questions about reading Thirty Years on the Frontier by Robert McReynolds on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Thirty Years on the Frontier?

Yes. All 2194 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44032 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Thirty Years on the Frontier is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44032, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Thirty Years on the Frontier take to read?

About 182 minutes of reading across 439 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Thirty Years on the Frontier section by section

How to work through Thirty Years on the Frontier section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Thirty Years on the Frontier to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Thirty Years on the Frontier

Words and structures a reader meets early in Thirty Years on the Frontier, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Rodney
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thirty Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wilkes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thirty Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Luxury
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thirty Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Poverty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thirty Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.