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Thistledown
Thistledown

Chapter VII · , 122

Chapter VII of Thistledown, “, 122,” is here in full — 298 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
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THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.
The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.
This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.
See him there!
He is a shrewd, canny-going, scranky-looking individual.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Thistledown

Chapter VII · , 122

Chapter VII of Thistledown, “, 122,” is here in full — 298 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.
Line 2
The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.
/ðə taɪp ʌv ˈbiːdəl ʌv kɔːrs wɪtʃ ˈfɪfti ɔːr ə ˈhʌndrəd jɪrz əˈɡoʊ ɡeɪv toʊn ənd ˈkerɪktər tuː ðə klæs ənd hæz meɪd ðem ˈfeɪməs ɪn ˈstɔːri ənd ˈænəkdoʊt ɪz naʊ ˈɔːlmoʊst ə dɪˈfʌŋkt ˈspiːʃiz/
Line 3
This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.
Line 4
See him there!
/siː hɪm ðer/
Line 5
He is a shrewd, canny-going, scranky-looking individual.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anecdote noun US /ˈænəkdoʊt/

short account of an incident (especially a biographical one)

From this reading “The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.”

beadle noun US /ˈbiːdəl/

a minor parish official who serves a ceremonial function

From this reading “THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.”

caustic adjective US /ˈkɑːstɪk/

harsh or corrosive in tone

From this reading “THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.”

choicest adjective US /ˈtʃɔɪsəst/

superlative of “choice” — of superior grade

From this reading “THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.”

collector noun US /kəˈlektər/

a person who collects things

From this reading “THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.”

defunct adjective US /dɪˈfʌŋkt/

no longer in force or use; inactive

From this reading “The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.”

furnishes verb US /ˈfɜːrnɪʃɪz/

third-person singular of “furnish” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading “THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.”

minister's noun US /ˈmɪnɪstərz/

possessive form of “minister” — a person authorized to conduct religious worship

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

hundred years noun + noun

In this reading “The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.”

turn aside verb + particle

In this reading “This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

anecdotenounUS /ˈænəkdoʊt/

short account of an incident (especially a biographical one)

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

anecdotesnounUS /ˈænəkdoʊts/

plural of “anecdote” — short account of an incident (especially a biographical one)

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

BEADLEnounUS /ˈbiːdəl/

a minor parish official who serves a ceremonial function

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

betheral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

bodie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

bulks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

canny-going

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He is a shrewd, canny-going, scranky-looking individual.

causticadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːstɪk/

harsh or corrosive in tone

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

CHARACTERnounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

choicestadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɔɪsəst/

superlative of “choice” — of superior grade

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

collectornounUS /kəˈlektər/

a person who collects things

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

defunctadjectiveUS /dɪˈfʌŋkt/

no longer in force or use; inactive

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

elsewhereadverbUS /ˈelswer/

in or to another place

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

furnishesverbUS /ˈfɜːrnɪʃɪz/

third-person singular of “furnish” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

gravediggernoun

a person who earns a living by digging graves

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

HUMOURnounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading He is a shrewd, canny-going, scranky-looking individual.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

minister'snounUS /ˈmɪnɪstərz/

possessive form of “minister” — a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

OLDadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

preservedadjectiveUS /prəˈzɜːrvd/

prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

representativenounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪv/

a person who represents others

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

reviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

ScotchnounUS /skɑːtʃ/

a slight surface cut (especially a notch that is made to keep a tally)

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

SCOTTISHnounUS /ˈskɑːtɪʃ/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

scranky-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He is a shrewd, canny-going, scranky-looking individual.

SeeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading See him there!

shrewdadjectiveUS /ʃruːd/

marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

From this reading He is a shrewd, canny-going, scranky-looking individual.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

specimensnounUS /ˈspesəmənz/

plural of “specimen” — an example regarded as typical of its class

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

survivedverbUS /sərˈvaɪvd/

past form of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading See him there!

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading This being so, let us turn aside and review the “bodie” where he is preserved, “in his manner as he lived,” in the many stories and anecdotes which have survived him.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

witnounUS /wɪt/

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE OLD SCOTTISH BEADLE—HIS CHARACTER AND HUMOUR The beadle, or betheral—frequently gravedigger, church officer, and minister’s man all in one—bulks largely in every representative collection of the Scottish national humour and character—next to the minister here, indeed, as elsewhere—and furnishes the collector with his choicest specimens of Scotch wit and humour of the dry and caustic order.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The type of beadle, of course, which fifty or a hundred years ago gave tone and character to the class, and has made them famous in story and anecdote, is now almost a defunct species.

Chapter 7 of Thistledown by Robert Ford holds 298 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Thistledown contain?

Chapter 7 holds 298 sentences of Thistledown, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Thistledown by Robert Ford exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 298 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Thistledown?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of Thistledown?

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Which edition of Thistledown is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Thistledown

Words and structures a reader meets early in Thistledown, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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