Chapter IX

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “We’re happiest when we’re fou,” is a well-worn proverb.

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

next to; at the side of

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

United States comedian and film actor (1896-1996)

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

plural of “countryman” — a man from your own country

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

a unit of apothecary weight equal to an eighth of an ounce or to 60 grains

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

take in liquids

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

the act of consuming liquids

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

one or the other of two

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

communicated in words

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

the syllable naming the fourth (subdominant) note of the diatonic scale in solmization

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

third-person singular of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

being or in accordance with current social fashions

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “We’re happiest when we’re fou,” is a well-worn proverb.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

a British imperial capacity unit (liquid or dry) equal to 5 fluid ounces or 142.066 cubic centimeters

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

highest in quality

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

superlative of “happy” — enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading “We’re happiest when we’re fou,” is a well-worn proverb.

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “We’re happiest when we’re fou,” is a well-worn proverb.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

immediately past

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

British artist and writer of nonsense verse (1812-1888)

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

plural of “pang” — a sudden sharp feeling

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

a fractional monetary unit of Ireland and the United Kingdom; equal to one hundredth of a pound

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

a medicinal or magical or poisonous beverage

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading “We’re happiest when we’re fou,” is a well-worn proverb.

(especially of incident sound or light) bent or sent back

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

-ing form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

an educational institution

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

possessive form of “scotland” — one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

relating to human society and its members

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

comparative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

coming after or following

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

superlative of “sweet” — having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

(of words) meaning the same or nearly the same

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

from that time on

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

(formal) in or into that thing or place

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

without doubt; certainly

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

in truth; certainly

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

with vigor; in a vigorous manner

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “We’re happiest when we’re fou,” is a well-worn proverb.

showing signs of much wear or use

From this reading “We’re happiest when we’re fou,” is a well-worn proverb.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In Burns’ day, and for some time thereafter, happiness and whisky were regarded as almost synonymous terms; deep drinking was fashionable; and “the last beside his chair to fa’” was verily the hero of the social community.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

at the time that

From this reading “We’re happiest when we’re fou,” is a well-worn proverb.

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading So sang Scotland’s greatest, Scotland’s sweetest poet; and whether in his heart of hearts he believed the sentiment which in those lines we find so vigorously expressed, he has undoubtedly reflected therein, for the enlightenment of his countrymen through succeeding ages, the popular notion of his own time regarding the potency of the “dram.”

a liquor made from fermented mash of grain

From this reading Be’t whisky gill or penny wheep, Or ony stronger potion, It never fails, in drinking deep, To kittle up oor notion By night or day.”

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading HUMOURS OF DRAM-DRINKING IN SCOTLAND “Leeze me on drink, it gie’s us mair Than either school or college: It kindles wit, it waukens lear, It pangs us fu’ o’ knowledge.