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Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and
Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The next favourite remedy is a Place-bill.
The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.
Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.
It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.
It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The next favourite remedy is a Place-bill.
Line 2
The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.
Line 3
Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.
/wɪˈθaʊt ˈbiːɪŋ æz ənˈriːzənəbli ˈdaʊtfəl æz ˈmeni ɑːr ənˈwaɪzli ˈkɑːnfədənt aɪ wɪl ˈoʊnli seɪ ðæt ðɪs ˈɔːlsoʊ ɪz ə ˈmætər ˈveri wel ˈwɜːr.ði ʌv ˈsɪriəs ənd məˈtʃʊr rɪˈflekʃən/
Line 4
It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.
/ɪt ɪz nɑːt ˈiːzi tuː fɔːrˈsiː wʌt ðə ɪˈfekt wʊd biː ʌv ˌdɪskəˈnektɪŋ wɪð ˈpɑːrləmənt ðə ˈɡreɪtəst pɑːrt ʌv ðoʊz huː hoʊld ˈsɪvəl emˈplɔɪmənts ənd ʌv sʌtʃ ˈmaɪti ənd ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt ˈbɑːdiz æz ðə ˈmɪləteri ənd ˈneɪvəl eˈstæblɪʃmənts/
Line 5
It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.
/ɪt wɜːr ˈbetər pərˈhæps ðæt ðeɪ ʃʊd hæv ə kərˈʌpt ˈɪntrəst ɪn ðə fɔːrmz ʌv ðə ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən ðæn ðeɪ ʃʊd hæv nʌn æt ɔːl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disconnecting verb US /ˌdɪskəˈnektɪŋ/

-ing form of “disconnect” — pull the plug of (electrical appliances) and render inoperable

From this reading “It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.”

employments noun US /emˈplɔɪmənts/

plural of “employment” — the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading “It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.”

establishments noun US /eˈstæblɪʃmənts/

plural of “establishment” — the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading “It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.”

infallibility noun US /ˌɪnfælɪˈbɪlɪti/

the quality of never making an error

From this reading “The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.”

mature adjective US /məˈtʃʊr/

characteristic of maturity

From this reading “Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.”

regulations noun US /ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “regulation” — an authoritative rule

From this reading “The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.”

unreasonably adverb US /ənˈriːzənəbli/

not in a reasonable or intelligent manner

From this reading “Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.”

unwisely adverb US /ənˈwaɪzli/

without good sense or judgment

From this reading “Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The next favourite remedy is a Place-bill.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

confidentadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnfədənt/

having or marked by confidence or assurance

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

constitutionnounUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/

law determining the fundamental political principles of a government

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

corruptverbUS /kərˈʌpt/

corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

cureverbUS /kjʊr/

provide a cure for, make healthy again

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

disconnectingverbUS /ˌdɪskəˈnektɪŋ/

-ing form of “disconnect” — pull the plug of (electrical appliances) and render inoperable

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

distempers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

doubtfuladjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

employmentsnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənts/

plural of “employment” — the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

entertainedadjectiveUS /ˌentərˈteɪnd/

pleasantly occupied

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

establishmentsnounUS /eˈstæblɪʃmənts/

plural of “establishment” — the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

favouritenounUS /ˈfeɪvərɪt/

a competitor thought likely to win

From this reading The next favourite remedy is a Place-bill.

foreseeverbUS /fɔːrˈsiː/

realize beforehand

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

guidesnounUS /ɡaɪdz/

plural of “guide” — someone employed to conduct others

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

infallibilitynounUS /ˌɪnfælɪˈbɪlɪti/

the quality of never making an error

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The next favourite remedy is a Place-bill.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

matureadjectiveUS /məˈtʃʊr/

characteristic of maturity

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

navaladjectiveUS /ˈneɪvəl/

connected with or belonging to or used in a navy

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next favourite remedy is a Place-bill.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

ParliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

Place-bill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next favourite remedy is a Place-bill.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

reflectionnounUS /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

regulationsnounUS /ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “regulation” — an authoritative rule

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

remedynounUS /ˈremədi/

act of correcting an error or a fault or an evil

From this reading The next favourite remedy is a Place-bill.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next favourite remedy is a Place-bill.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

unreasonablyadverbUS /ənˈriːzənəbli/

not in a reasonable or intelligent manner

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

unwiselyadverbUS /ənˈwaɪzli/

without good sense or judgment

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It were better, perhaps, that they should have a corrupt interest in the forms of the constitution, than they should have none at all.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The same principle guides in both: I mean the opinion which is entertained by many of the infallibility of laws and regulations, in the cure of public distempers.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

WithoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading Without being as unreasonably doubtful as many are unwisely confident, I will only say, that this also is a matter very well worthy of serious and mature reflection.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It is not easy to foresee what the effect would be of disconnecting with Parliament, the greatest part of those who hold civil employments, and of such mighty and important bodies as the military and naval establishments.

Chapter 8 of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and by Edmund Burke holds 114 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and contain?

Chapter 8 holds 114 sentences of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and by Edmund Burke exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 114 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and

Common questions about reading Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and by Edmund Burke on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and?

Yes. All 1592 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2173 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2173, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and take to read?

About 132 minutes of reading across 319 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and section by section

How to work through Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and

Words and structures a reader meets early in Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edmund
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Burke
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cassell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thoughts on the Present Discontents, and; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.