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Three generations
Three generations

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Three generations is here in full — 295 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
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ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”
Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.
The old Rome was all there, if you only knew how to look for it!
King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.
Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Three generations

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Three generations is here in full — 295 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”
/ˈɑːrtəst laɪf ɪn roʊm wen wiː ərˈaɪvd ɪn ˈɪtəli sʌm ʌv ˈaʊər ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ənd əˈmerəkən frendz sed juː wɪl faɪnd roʊm ˈdredfəli tʃeɪndʒd/
Line 2
Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.
/ˈhævɪŋ noʊn ɪt ɪn ðə ˈsevəntiz aɪ ˈwelkəmd ðə ˈtʃeɪndʒəz ðæt hæd brɔːt ˈkʌmfərt ənd helθ tuː ðə ˈmɑːdərn ˈkæpətəl/
Line 3
The old Rome was all there, if you only knew how to look for it!
Line 4
King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.
Line 5
Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

astute adjective US /əˈstuːt/

marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

From this reading “Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.”

Leo noun US /ˈliːoʊ/

(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Leo

From this reading “King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.”

Pope's noun US /poʊps/

possessive form of “pope” — the head of the Roman Catholic Church

reigned verb US /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading “King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.”

ruled adjective US /ruːld/

subject to a ruling authority

From this reading “Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.”

seventies noun US /ˈsevəntiz/

the decade from 1970 to 1979

From this reading “Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.”

Thirteenth adjective US /ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ/

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading “King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.”

Vatican noun US /ˈvætɪkən/

the residence of the Catholic Pope in the Vatican City

From this reading “King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sixteen years adjective + noun

In this reading “King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.”

take the oath verb + article + noun counted as “take … oath”

In this reading “King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.”

firm hand adjective + noun

In this reading “Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.”

arrived in verb + particle counted as “arrive in”

In this reading “ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!””

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The old Rome was all there, if you only knew how to look for it!

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

ARTISTnounUS /ˈɑːrtəst/

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

astuteadjectiveUS /əˈstuːt/

marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

CardinalnounUS /ˈkɑːrdənəl/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

Crispi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

dreadfullyadverbUS /ˈdredfəli/

of a dreadful kind

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

firmadjectiveUS /fɜːrm/

marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The old Rome was all there, if you only knew how to look for it!

Francesco

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The old Rome was all there, if you only knew how to look for it!

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The old Rome was all there, if you only knew how to look for it!

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The old Rome was all there, if you only knew how to look for it!

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

LeonounUS /ˈliːoʊ/

(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Leo

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The old Rome was all there, if you only knew how to look for it!

Margherita

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

oathnounUS /oʊθ/

profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The old Rome was all there, if you only knew how to look for it!

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The old Rome was all there, if you only knew how to look for it!

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

Pope'snounUS /poʊps/

possessive form of “pope” — the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

primeadjectiveUS /praɪm/

first in rank or degree

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

Quirinal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

Rampolla

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

reignedverbUS /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

Risorgimento

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

ROMEnounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

ruledadjectiveUS /ruːld/

subject to a ruling authority

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

SecretarynounUS /ˈsekrəteri/

a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

seventiesnounUS /ˈsevəntiz/

the decade from 1970 to 1979

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

sixteenadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːn/

being one more than fifteen

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The old Rome was all there, if you only knew how to look for it!

ThirteenthadjectiveUS /ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ/

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

Umberto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

VaticannounUS /ˈvætɪkən/

the residence of the Catholic Pope in the Vatican City

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The old Rome was all there, if you only knew how to look for it!

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

welcomedverbUS /ˈwelkəmd/

past form of “welcome” — accept gladly

From this reading Having known it in the seventies, I welcomed the changes that had brought comfort and health to the modern capital.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Francesco Crispi, the last of the great figures of the _Risorgimento_, was prime minister and ruled Italy with a firm hand, while Cardinal Rampolla, strong and astute, was the Pope’s Secretary of State.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading King Umberto, whom I had seen take the oath of office sixteen years before, reigned at the Quirinal with Queen Margherita, and Leo the Thirteenth at the Vatican.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading ARTIST LIFE IN ROME When we arrived in Italy some of our English and American friends said, “You will find Rome dreadfully changed!”

Chapter 18 of Three generations by Maud Howe Elliott holds 295 sentences, grouped into 59 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Three generations contain?

Chapter 18 holds 295 sentences of Three generations, unabridged, divided into 59 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Three generations by Maud Howe Elliott exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 295 sentences, grouped into 59 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Three generations?

Work through the 59 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 59 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Three generations

Words and structures a reader meets early in Three generations, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Three generations, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Three generations, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Three generations, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.