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Three generations
Three generations

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Three generations is here in full — 231 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.
Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.
America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.
From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.
In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Three generations

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Three generations is here in full — 231 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.
Line 2
Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.
Line 3
America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.
Line 4
From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.
/frʌm ðə ˈɜːrli pɑːrt ʌv ðə læst ˈsentʃəri ˌɪˈtæljən ˈpeɪtriəts ənd pəˈlɪtəkəl ˈeɡzaɪlz wɜːr ˈkʌmfərtɪd ənd əpˈheld ɪn ðə juːˈnaɪtɪd steɪts/
Line 5
In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.
/ɪn maɪ ˈmʌðərz ˈɡɜːrlhʊd sʌm ʌv ðə ˈɡreɪtəst lɪvd ɪn nuː jɔːrk baɪ ˈɡɪvɪŋ ˌɪˈtæljən ˈlesənz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

America's noun US /əˈmerəkəz/

possessive form of “america” — North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

consummation noun US /ˌkɑːnsəˈmeɪʃən/

the completion of marriage by sexual intercourse

From this reading “America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.”

developments noun US /dɪˈveləpmənts/

plural of “development” — act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading “WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.”

exiles noun US /ˈeɡzaɪlz/

plural of “exile” — a person who is voluntarily absent from home or country

From this reading “From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.”

girlhood noun US /ˈɡɜːrlhʊd/

the childhood of a girl

From this reading “In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.”

patriots noun US /ˈpeɪtriəts/

plural of “patriot” — one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading “Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.”

realization noun US /ˈriːləˈzeɪʃən/

coming to understand something clearly and distinctly

From this reading “Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.”

upheld verb US /əpˈheld/

inflected form of “uphold” — keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading “From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

interfere with verb + particle

In this reading “Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.”

last century adjective + noun

In this reading “From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.”

early part adjective + noun

In this reading “From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.”

taking place noun + noun

In this reading “WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.”

by giving preposition + noun

In this reading “In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.”

lived in verb + particle counted as “live in”

live in the house where one works

In this reading “In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.”

Great Friend adjective + noun

In this reading “America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.”

in the country preposition + article + noun counted as “in … country”

In this reading “WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1870

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

1894

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

1910

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

amazingadjectiveUS /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/

surprising greatly

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

America'snounUS /əˈmerəkəz/

possessive form of “america” — North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

BetweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.

comfortedadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtɪd/

made comfortable or more comfortable in a time of distress

From this reading From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.

consummationnounUS /ˌkɑːnsəˈmeɪʃən/

the completion of marriage by sexual intercourse

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

developmentsnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənts/

plural of “development” — act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

dreamnounUS /driːm/

A series of thoughts, images, or emotions during sleep.

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

exilesnounUS /ˈeɡzaɪlz/

plural of “exile” — a person who is voluntarily absent from home or country

From this reading From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

FriendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

girlhoodnounUS /ˈɡɜːrlhʊd/

the childhood of a girl

From this reading In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

hauntedadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːntɪd/

having or showing excessive or compulsive concern with something

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

interfereverbUS /ˌɪntərˈfɪr/

come between so as to be hindrance or obstacle

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.

lessonsnounUS /ˈlesənz/

plural of “lesson” — a unit of instruction

From this reading In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

ModernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

mother'snounUS /ˈmʌðərz/

possessive form of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.

NationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

observingadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

other's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

patriotsnounUS /ˈpeɪtriəts/

plural of “patriot” — one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

playedadjectiveUS /pleɪd/

(of games) engaged in

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

poetsnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.

realizationnounUS /ˈriːləˈzeɪʃən/

coming to understand something clearly and distinctly

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

Risorgimento

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

rôle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

throatsnounUS /θroʊts/

plural of “throat” — the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

upheldverbUS /əpˈheld/

inflected form of “uphold” — keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading From the early part of the last century Italian patriots and political exiles were comforted and upheld in the United States.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

WASHINGTONnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Modern Italy was born in 1870, when France and Germany were too busy cutting each other’s throats to interfere with the realization of that dream of a United Italy that had so long haunted the imagination of poets and patriots.

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading America’s part in the Risorgimento has still to be written; like England, the Great Friend, she played no small rôle in the happy consummation.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading In my mother’s girlhood some of the greatest lived in New York by giving Italian lessons.

youngestadjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡəst/

superlative of “young” — (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading WASHINGTON IN 1910 Between 1894 and 1910 we lived more in Italy than in America and had the opportunity of observing the amazing developments that were taking place in the country that was, until the World War, the youngest of the Nations.

Chapter 23 of Three generations by Maud Howe Elliott holds 231 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Three generations contain?

Chapter 23 holds 231 sentences of Three generations, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Three generations by Maud Howe Elliott exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 231 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Three generations?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Three generations by Maud Howe Elliott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Three generations?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Three generations

Words and structures a reader meets early in Three generations, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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