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Through Arctic Lapland
Through Arctic Lapland

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Through Arctic Lapland is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.
The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.
In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?
The Russian Lapp indeed has few true and Lappish attributes.
He resembles far more nearly the ordinary Russian _moujik_.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Through Arctic Lapland

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Through Arctic Lapland is here in full — 137 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.
Line 2
The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.
/ðə ˈrʌʃən læp huː rɪˈzaɪdz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈlæplænd ˈprɑːpər əˈspeʃli ɪf hiː biː ʌv ðə ˈfɪʃər vərˈaɪəti skɔːrnz ðə ˈaʊtwərd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ʌv soʊp ənd ˈwɔːtər/
Line 3
In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?
Line 4
The Russian Lapp indeed has few true and Lappish attributes.
Line 5
He resembles far more nearly the ordinary Russian _moujik_.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cleanliness noun US /ˈklenlinɪs/

the habit of keeping free of superficial imperfections

From this reading “BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.”

Lapland noun US /ˈlæplænd/

a region in northmost Europe inhabited by Lapps

From this reading “BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.”

Lapp noun US /læp/

a member of an indigenous nomadic people living in northern Scandinavia and herding reindeer

From this reading “BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.”

mosquito noun US /məˈskiːtoʊ/

two-winged insect whose female has a long proboscis to pierce the skin and suck the blood of humans and animals

From this reading “In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?”

resides verb US /rɪˈzaɪdz/

third-person singular of “reside” — make one's home in a particular place or community

From this reading “The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.”

scorns noun US /skɔːrnz/

plural of “scorn” — lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading “The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.”

sluggishly adverb US /ˈslʌɡɪʃli/

in a sluggish manner

From this reading “In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?”

smeared verb US /smɪrd/

past form of “smear” — stain by smearing or daubing with a dirty substance

From this reading “In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

strip off verb + particle

In this reading “In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?”

far more adverb + adjective

In this reading “He resembles far more nearly the ordinary Russian _moujik_.”

poor man adjective + noun

In this reading “In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

ACCOUNTnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

applicationnounUS /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/

the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

attributesnounUS /ˈætrəbjuːts/

plural of “attribute” — a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished

From this reading The Russian Lapp indeed has few true and Lappish attributes.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

BORIS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

cakenounUS /keɪk/

a block of solid substance (such as soap or wax)

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

CANOEnounUS /kəˈnuː/

small and light boat; pointed at both ends; propelled with a paddle

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

cleanlinessnounUS /ˈklenlinɪs/

the habit of keeping free of superficial imperfections

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

clothingnounUS /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

a covering designed to be worn on a person's body

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

DAUBSFEST

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

dirtnounUS /dɜːrt/

the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

extraadjectiveUS /ˈekstrə/

more than is needed, desired, or required

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The Russian Lapp indeed has few true and Lappish attributes.

fishernounUS /ˈfɪʃər/

someone whose occupation is catching fish

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

GLEB

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

gnawings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

incessantadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsesənt/

uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The Russian Lapp indeed has few true and Lappish attributes.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

LaplandnounUS /ˈlæplænd/

a region in northmost Europe inhabited by Lapps

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

LappnounUS /læp/

a member of an indigenous nomadic people living in northern Scandinavia and herding reindeer

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

LAPP'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

Lappishnoun

any of the languages spoken by the Lapps and generally assumed to be Uralic languages

From this reading The Russian Lapp indeed has few true and Lappish attributes.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

mercurynounUS /ˈmɜːrkjəri/

a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He resembles far more nearly the ordinary Russian _moujik_.

mosquitonounUS /məˈskiːtoʊ/

two-winged insect whose female has a long proboscis to pierce the skin and suck the blood of humans and animals

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

moujiknoun

a Russian peasant (especially prior to 1917)

From this reading He resembles far more nearly the ordinary Russian _moujik_.

movesnounUS /muːvz/

plural of “move” — the act of deciding to do something

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading He resembles far more nearly the ordinary Russian _moujik_.

NEIDEN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading He resembles far more nearly the ordinary Russian _moujik_.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

outwardadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtwərd/

relating to physical reality rather than with thoughts or the mind

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

remarkedverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkt/

past form of “remark” — make mention of

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

resemblesverbUS /rɪˈzembəlz/

third-person singular of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading He resembles far more nearly the ordinary Russian _moujik_.

residesverbUS /rɪˈzaɪdz/

third-person singular of “reside” — make one's home in a particular place or community

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

RUSSIANnounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

scornsnounUS /skɔːrnz/

plural of “scorn” — lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

sluggishlyadverbUS /ˈslʌɡɪʃli/

in a sluggish manner

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

smearedverbUS /smɪrd/

past form of “smear” — stain by smearing or daubing with a dirty substance

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

soapnounUS /soʊp/

a cleansing agent made from the salts of vegetable or animal fats

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

stripverbUS /strɪp/

take away possessions from someone

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

tarnounUS /tɑːr/

any of various dark heavy viscid substances obtained as a residue

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

thermometernounUS /θərˈmɑːmətər/

measuring instrument for measuring temperature

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading The Russian Lapp indeed has few true and Lappish attributes.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

wardnounUS /wɔːrd/

a person who is under the protection or in the custody of another

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The Russian Lapp, who resides outside Lapland proper, especially if he be of the fisher variety, scorns the outward application of soap and water.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

willinglyadverbUS /ˈwɪlɪŋli/

in a willing manner

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading BY CANOE TO THE NEIDEN, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RUSSIAN LAPP'S DAUBSFEST AT BORIS GLEB The Lapp in Lapland has his moments of personal cleanliness, as will be remarked in their place.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

zeroadjectiveUS /ˈzɪroʊ/

indicating the absence of any or all units under consideration

From this reading In summer a good cake of dirt, especially if it be well smeared in with tar, goes far to ward off the incessant gnawings of the mosquito; and in winter, when the mercury of a thermometer moves always sluggishly far below zero, what poor man would willingly strip off an extra coat of clothing?

Chapter 4 of Through Arctic Lapland by C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne holds 137 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Through Arctic Lapland contain?

Chapter 4 holds 137 sentences of Through Arctic Lapland, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Through Arctic Lapland by C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 137 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Through Arctic Lapland?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Through Arctic Lapland

Common questions about reading Through Arctic Lapland by C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Through Arctic Lapland?

Yes. All 3076 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45862 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Through Arctic Lapland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45862, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Through Arctic Lapland take to read?

About 256 minutes of reading across 616 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Through Arctic Lapland section by section

How to work through Through Arctic Lapland section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of Through Arctic Lapland to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Through Arctic Lapland

Words and structures a reader meets early in Through Arctic Lapland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through Arctic Lapland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Recipe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through Arctic Lapland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Diamonds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through Arctic Lapland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Honour
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through Arctic Lapland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.