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Through deserts and oases of central Asia
Through deserts and oases of central Asia

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Through deserts and oases of central Asia is here in full — 123 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Through deserts and oases of central Asia
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.
On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.
Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.
The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.
We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Through deserts and oases of central Asia

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Through deserts and oases of central Asia is here in full — 123 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.
Line 2
On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.
Line 3
Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Line 4
The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.
Line 5
We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bergen noun US /ˈbɜːrɡən/

a port city in southwestern Norway

From this reading “The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.”

choppy adjective US /ˈtʃɑːpi/

marked by abrupt transitions

From this reading “We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.”

circuitous adjective US /sərˈkjuːɪtəs/

marked by obliqueness or indirection in speech or conduct

From this reading “Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.”

Finland noun US /ˈfɪnlænd/

republic in northern Europe; achieved independence from Russia in 1917

From this reading “Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.”

Gentiles noun US /ˈdʒentaɪlz/

plural of “gentile” — a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading “ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.”

Newcastle noun US /ˈnuːkæsəl/

a port city in northeastern England on the River Tyne; a center for coal exports (giving rise to the expression “carry coals to Newcastle” meaning to do something unnecessary)

From this reading “The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.”

submarines noun US /ˈsʌbməriːnz/

plural of “submarine” — a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes

From this reading “The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.”

Sweden noun US /ˈswiːdən/

a Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula

From this reading “Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

started off verb + particle counted as “start off”

In this reading “On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.”

first stage adjective + noun

In this reading “Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.”

All words in this reading · 122

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

1915

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

ACROSSprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

ANTHONYnounUS /ˈænθəni/

Roman general under Julius Caesar in the Gallic wars; repudiated his wife for the Egyptian queen Cleopatra; they were defeated by Octavian at Actium (83-30 BC)

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

BergennounUS /ˈbɜːrɡən/

a port city in southwestern Norway

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

cabinsnounUS /ˈkæbənz/

plural of “cabin” — small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

Caskayre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

Cassaks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

ChinesenounUS /tʃaɪˈniːz/

any of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in China; regarded as dialects of a single language (even though they are mutually unintelligible) because they share an ideographic writing system

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

choppyadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɑːpi/

marked by abrupt transitions

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

circuitousadjectiveUS /sərˈkjuːɪtəs/

marked by obliqueness or indirection in speech or conduct

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

Consul-General

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

countrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

embarkedverbUS /emˈbɑːrkt/

past form of “embark” — go on board

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

EMPIREnounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

enginesnounUS /ˈendʒənz/

plural of “engine” — motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

FinlandnounUS /ˈfɪnlænd/

republic in northern Europe; achieved independence from Russia in 1917

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

GentilesnounUS /ˈdʒentaɪlz/

plural of “gentile” — a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

idolaters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

IrisnounUS /ˈaɪrəs/

plants with sword-shaped leaves and erect stalks bearing bright-colored flowers composed of three petals and three drooping sepals

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

JENKINSON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

Kashgar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

Kirghiznoun

a member of a people vast regions of central Siberia

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

Macartney

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

Mahometnoun

the Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah (570-632)

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

minesnounUS /maɪnz/

plural of “mine” — excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

NewcastlenounUS /ˈnuːkæsəl/

a port city in northeastern England on the River Tyne; a center for coal exports (giving rise to the expression “carry coals to Newcastle” meaning to do something unnecessary)

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

nightsnounUS /naɪts/

Periods of darkness between sunset and sunrise.

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

NorwaynounUS /ˈnɔːrweɪ/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

NorwegiannounUS /ˌnɔːrˈwiːdʒən/

a native or inhabitant of Norway

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

OwingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

Peterhead

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

Petrogradnoun

a city in the European part of Russia; 2nd largest Russian city; located at the head of the Gulf of Finland; former capital of Russia

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

portholes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

prostrateverbUS /ˈprɑːstreɪt/

get into a prostrate position, as in submission

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

RUSSIANnounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

screwedverbUS /skruːd/

past form of “screw” — have sexual intercourse with

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

sea-sickness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

steamernounUS /ˈstiːmər/

a clam that is usually steamed in the shell

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

stuffyadjectiveUS /ˈstʌfi/

lacking fresh air

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

submarinesnounUS /ˈsʌbməriːnz/

plural of “submarine” — a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

SwedennounUS /ˈswiːdən/

a Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

Taskentnoun

the capital of Uzbekistan

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

tightlyadverbUS /ˈtaɪtli/

in a tight or constricted manner

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

TIMEnounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

travelverbUS /ˈtrævəl/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

Turkestannoun

a historical region of central Asia that was a center for trade between the East and the West

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

warre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The small Norwegian steamer, the _Iris_, in which we embarked at Newcastle, made its way up the coast of Scotland to a point opposite Peterhead in order to avoid mines and submarines, after which it crossed to Bergen.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

well-knownadjectiveUS /ˈwelˈnoʊn/

widely or fully known

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Owing to the War, we were obliged, as the first stage of our journey, to travel to Petrograd by the circuitous route through Norway, Sweden and Finland.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading We passed two choppy nights in stuffy cabins with the portholes tightly screwed up, and I was too prostrate with sea-sickness to care when the engines of our steamer stopped dead during the first afternoon.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading On March 5, 1915, my brother and I started off on our long journey to Kashgar, the capital of Chinese Turkestan, where he was to act for Sir George Macartney, the well-known Consul-General, who was taking leave.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading ACROSS THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN WAR TIME The cities are called _Taskent_[1] and _Caskayre_,[1] and the people that warre against _Taskent_ are called _Cassaks_[1] of the law of _Mahomet_, and they which warre with the said countrey of _Caskayre_ are called Kirghiz, Gentiles and idolaters.--ANTHONY JENKINSON.

Chapter 2 of Through deserts and oases of central Asia by Ella Sykes holds 123 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Through deserts and oases of central Asia contain?

Chapter 2 holds 123 sentences of Through deserts and oases of central Asia, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Through deserts and oases of central Asia by Ella Sykes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 123 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Through deserts and oases of central Asia?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 3010 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #72916 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #72916, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 250 minutes of reading across 602 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Through deserts and oases of central Asia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Through deserts and oases of central Asia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Strike
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through deserts and oases of central Asia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Track
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through deserts and oases of central Asia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vanished
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through deserts and oases of central Asia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Demons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through deserts and oases of central Asia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.