used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
ABOUTprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/
on the subject of; concerning
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/
higher than, or over, something
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
generally approved or compelling recognition
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
eagerly desirous
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
from appearances alone
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
ArabicnounUS /ˈærəbɪk/
the Semitic language of the Arabs; spoken in a variety of dialects
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
Artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/
an old form of “are”, used with “thou”
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
Bohlin
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
bulknounUS /bʌlk/
the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
assets available for use in the production of further assets
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
a low-lying region in central France
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
made or become different in nature or form
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
ChinesenounUS /tʃaɪˈniːz/
any of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in China; regarded as dialects of a single language (even though they are mutually unintelligible) because they share an ideographic writing system
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
commercialadjectiveUS /kəˈmɜːrʃəl/
connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
being or moving lower in position or less in some value
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/
at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
environsnounUS /ɪnˈvaɪrənz/
the area in which something exists or lives
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
equanimitynounUS /ˌek.wəˈnɪm.ə.t̬i/
Mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation.
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
expeditionsnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃənz/
plural of “expedition” — a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
exploreverbUS /ɪkˈsplɔːr/
inquire into
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
the solid part of the earth's surface
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
someone employed to conduct others
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
Hindustaninoun
a native or inhabitant of Hindustan or India
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
invaluableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl/
having incalculable monetary, intellectual, or spiritual worth
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
KASHGAR
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
an artist of consummate skill
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
used to say something is possible but not certain
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
moatnounUS /moʊt/
ditch dug as a fortification and usually filled with water
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
a form of address for a man
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
water soaked soil; soft wet earth
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
not any; not one
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
OasisnounUS /oʊˈeɪsɪs/
a fertile tract in a desert (where the water table approaches the surface)
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
belonging to the speaker and others
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
peasantnounUS /ˈpezənt/
a country person
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
PersiannounUS /ˈpɜːrʒən/
a native or inhabitant of Iran
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/
the people who inhabit a territory or state
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
the particular portion of space occupied by something
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
proprietorsnounUS /prəˈpraɪətərz/
plural of “proprietor” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
established beyond doubt
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
ProverbnounUS /ˈprɑːvərb/
a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
any competition
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
a charge of ammunition for a single shot
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/
plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal)
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
a particular branch of scientific knowledge
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
cause to go somewhere
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
established or decided beyond dispute or doubt
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
in the near future
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
Su
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
sugarnounUS /ˈʃʊɡər/
a white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener and preservative
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
confined on all sides
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
the people or things already mentioned, as the object
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
in or at that place or location
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
a more or less definite period of time now or previously present
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
tradersnounUS /ˈtreɪdərz/
plural of “trader” — someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
Tuman
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
Turkestannoun
a historical region of central Asia that was a center for trade between the East and the West
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
Turkinoun
any member of the peoples speaking a Turkic language
From this reading ROUND ABOUT KASHGAR Arabic is science, Persian is sugar, Hindustani is salt, but Turki is Art.
of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
precisely as stated
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure
From this reading The town as we knew it is built on high ground above the Tuman Su and surrounded by a mud wall and a dry moat, but there are ruins of old Kashgar close by, and the Oasis has changed hands many times.
warlikeadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːrlaɪk/
disposed to warfare or hard-line policies
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading From its position the capital of Chinese Turkestan was a commercial centre from very early times.
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading _Turki Proverb._ As soon as we had settled down at Kashgar we were anxious to explore the city and its environs, and Mr. Bohlin proved an invaluable guide in our various expeditions.
any or all of a kind, it does not matter which
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
which person or people
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
in the company of; together with
From this reading The small traders and peasant proprietors, who form the bulk of the population, are by no means a warlike race, and have apparently accepted with equanimity the rule of whatever master fate might send them.
