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Through deserts and oases of central Asia
Through deserts and oases of central Asia

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Through deserts and oases of central Asia is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Through deserts and oases of central Asia
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.
C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.
273.
Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.
The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Through deserts and oases of central Asia

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Through deserts and oases of central Asia is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.
Line 2
C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.
Line 3
273.
Line 4
Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.
Line 5
The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

districts noun US /ˈdɪstrɪkts/

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.”

geography noun US /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation

From this reading “THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.”

includes verb US /ˌɪnˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading “Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.”

notable adjective US /ˈnoʊtəbəl/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading “C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.”

plus noun US /plʌs/

a useful or valuable quality

From this reading “THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.”

scope noun US /skoʊp/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading “Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.”

Shan modal verb US /ʃæn/

the form of “shall” used in the contraction “shan’t”

From this reading “Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.”

tout noun US /taʊt/

someone who buys tickets to an event in order to resell them at a profit

From this reading “C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

pour les verb + noun counted as “pour le”

In this reading “THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.”

generally known adverb + adjective

In this reading “Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

273

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 273.

administrateur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

Asie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

assez

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

Bokhara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

bonne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

C'est

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

Chinenoun

cut of meat or fish including at least part of the backbone

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

CHINESEnounUS /tʃaɪˈniːz/

any of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in China; regarded as dialects of a single language (even though they are mutually unintelligible) because they share an ideographic writing system

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

Chinois

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

CitiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

COMMERCEnounUS /ˈkɑːmərs/

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

dans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

dealingnounUS /ˈdiːlɪŋ/

method or manner of conduct in relation to others

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

disponibles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

districtsnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkts/

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

du

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

débouché

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

EasternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

engraisser

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

estnounUS /est/

standard time in the 5th time zone west of Greenwich, reckoned at the 75th meridian; used in the eastern United States

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

et

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

GEOGRAPHYnounUS /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

GOVERNMENTnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

GRENARD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

Haute

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

HighadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

Hsin-Chiang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

iinoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

includesverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdz/

third-person singular of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

Kashgaria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

l'aristocratie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

lanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

LenounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

lesnounUS /les/

plural of “le” — a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

LesseradjectiveUS /ˈlesər/

of less size or importance

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

mandarine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

Moghulistan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

nenounUS /niː/

a colorless odorless gaseous element that give a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gasses; occurs in the air in small amounts

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

notableadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəbəl/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

plusnounUS /plʌs/

a useful or valuable quality

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

pourverbUS /pɔːr/

cause to run

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

ProvincenounUS /ˈprɑːvəns/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

pâture

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

qui

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

recentlyadverbUS /ˈriːsəntli/

in the recent past

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

scopenounUS /skoʊp/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

Shanmodal verbUS /ʃæn/

the form of “shall” used in the contraction “shan’t”

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

simplement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

SixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

stratégique

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

Tartarynoun

the vast geographical region of Europe and Asia that was controlled by the Mongols in the 13th and 14th centuries

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

terre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

Tian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

toutnounUS /taʊt/

someone who buys tickets to an event in order to resell them at a profit

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

troupeau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading C’est tout simplement une bonne terre de pâture pour engraisser une portion notable du troupeau administrateur--GRENARD, _La Haute Asie_, ii.

trouve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

TURKESTANnoun

a historical region of central Asia that was a center for trade between the East and the West

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

unnounUS /ʌn/

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

une

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

Urumchi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

vieille

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCE OF CHINESE TURKESTAN Le Turkestan est pour les Chinois une position stratégique et un excellent débouché pour l’aristocratie mandarine qui ne trouve plus assez de places disponibles dans la vieille Chine.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The province we are dealing with has had many names, such as Lesser Bokhara, Moghulistan, Tartary, High Tartary, Eastern Turkestan, the Six Cities and Kashgaria, the last four names having been in use until quite recently.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Hsin-Chiang, or “the New Province,” as the Chinese term it, includes the province now generally known as Chinese Turkestan, together with Urumchi and other districts situated to the north of the Tian Shan which lie outside the scope of this work.

Chapter 13 of Through deserts and oases of central Asia by Ella Sykes holds 131 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Through deserts and oases of central Asia contain?

Chapter 13 holds 131 sentences of Through deserts and oases of central Asia, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Through deserts and oases of central Asia by Ella Sykes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 131 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Through deserts and oases of central Asia?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 3010 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #72916 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #72916, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 250 minutes of reading across 602 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Through deserts and oases of central Asia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Through deserts and oases of central Asia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Strike
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through deserts and oases of central Asia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Track
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through deserts and oases of central Asia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vanished
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through deserts and oases of central Asia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Demons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through deserts and oases of central Asia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.