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Through Russian Snows
Through Russian Snows

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Through Russian Snows is here in full — 336 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/67 · 5 lines
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WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.
But it was not long before the truth became evident.
Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.
On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.
Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Through Russian Snows

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Through Russian Snows is here in full — 336 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/67 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.
Line 2
But it was not long before the truth became evident.
/bʌt ɪt wɑːz nɑːt lɔːŋ bɪˈfɔːr ðə truːθ bɪˈkeɪm ˈevədənt/
Line 3
Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.
/ˈevəri ˈaʊər freʃ ˈfaɪərz broʊk aʊt ənd ˈspredɪŋ ˈræpədli baɪ ˈnaɪtfɔːl ðə hoʊl ˈsɪti wɑːz ɪn fleɪmz/
Line 4
On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.
Line 5
Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accidental adjective US /ˌæksəˈdentəl/

happening by chance or unexpectedly or unintentionally

From this reading “WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.”

damaged adjective US /ˈdæmədʒd/

harmed or injured or spoiled

From this reading “Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.”

dictate verb US /dɪkˈteɪt/

issue commands or orders for

From this reading “WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.”

hospitals noun US /ˈhɑːspɪtəlz/

plural of “hospital” — a health facility where patients receive treatment

From this reading “Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.”

Kremlin noun US /ˈkremlən/

citadel of Moscow, housing the offices of the Russian government

From this reading “WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.”

nightfall noun US /ˈnaɪtfɔːl/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading “Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.”

Russians noun US /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading “Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.”

uninhabitable adjective US /ˌʌnɪnˈhæbətəbəl/

not fit for habitation

From this reading “On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Imperial Palace adjective + noun

In this reading “WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.”

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.”

heavy rain adjective + noun

In this reading “On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.”

became evident verb + adjective counted as “become evident”

In this reading “But it was not long before the truth became evident.”

following day adjective + noun

In this reading “On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.”

by nightfall preposition + noun

In this reading “Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.”

withdraw from verb + particle

In this reading “On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.”

whole city adjective + noun

In this reading “Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1600

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

20,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

20th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

24,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

48,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

700

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

800

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

accidentaladjectiveUS /ˌæksəˈdentəl/

happening by chance or unexpectedly or unintentionally

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading But it was not long before the truth became evident.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading But it was not long before the truth became evident.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But it was not long before the truth became evident.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

churchesnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

consumedverbUS /kənˈsuːmd/

past form of “consume” — eat up completely, as with great appetite

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

damagedadjectiveUS /ˈdæmədʒd/

harmed or injured or spoiled

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

dictateverbUS /dɪkˈteɪt/

issue commands or orders for

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

escapedadjectiveUS /ɪˈskeɪpt/

having escaped, especially from confinement

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading But it was not long before the truth became evident.

extinguishedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

of a conditioned response; caused to die out because of the absence or withdrawal of reinforcement

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

firesnounUS /ˈfaɪərz/

plural of “fire” — the event of something burning (often destructive)

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

flamesnounUS /fleɪmz/

plural of “flame” — the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

fondlyadverbUS /ˈfɑːndli/

with fondness; with love

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

headquartersnounUS /ˈhedkwɔːrtərz/

(usually plural) the office that serves as the administrative center of an enterprise

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

hopedverbUS /hoʊpt/

past form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

hospitalsnounUS /ˈhɑːspɪtəlz/

plural of “hospital” — a health facility where patients receive treatment

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

ImperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But it was not long before the truth became evident.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

KremlinnounUS /ˈkremlən/

citadel of Moscow, housing the offices of the Russian government

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading But it was not long before the truth became evident.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

nightfallnounUS /ˈnaɪtfɔːl/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

nine-tenths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But it was not long before the truth became evident.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

PalacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

perishedverbUS /ˈperɪʃt/

past form of “perish” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

REAR-GUARD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

RussiansnounUS /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

spreadingnounUS /ˈspredɪŋ/

process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

termsnounUS /tɜːrmz/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading But it was not long before the truth became evident.

uninhabitableadjectiveUS /ˌʌnɪnˈhæbətəbəl/

not fit for habitation

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But it was not long before the truth became evident.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Every hour fresh fires broke out, and, spreading rapidly, by nightfall the whole city was in flames.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

withdrawverbUS /wɪðˈdrɔː/

pull back or move away or backward

From this reading On the following day the Kremlin itself became so uninhabitable from the heat, that the Emperor was forced to withdraw from it, and could not return till the 20th, when heavy rain extinguished the flames, which had already consumed nine-tenths of the city.

woundednounUS /ˈwuːndɪd/

people who are wounded

From this reading Of 48,000 houses only 700 escaped; of 1600 churches 800 were destroyed and 700 damaged; of 24,000 wounded French and Russians in the hospitals more than 20,000 perished in the flames.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading WITH THE REAR-GUARD Napoleon had as yet no idea that the fires were other than accidental, and the next morning removed his headquarters to the Imperial Palace, the Kremlin, from which he fondly hoped to dictate terms of peace to Russia.

Chapter 14 of Through Russian Snows by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 336 sentences, grouped into 68 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Through Russian Snows contain?

Chapter 14 holds 336 sentences of Through Russian Snows, unabridged, divided into 68 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Through Russian Snows by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 336 sentences, grouped into 68 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Through Russian Snows?

Work through the 68 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 68 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Through Russian Snows

Common questions about reading Through Russian Snows by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Through Russian Snows?

Yes. All 5178 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30457 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Through Russian Snows is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30457, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Through Russian Snows take to read?

About 431 minutes of reading across 1036 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Through Russian Snows section by section

How to work through Through Russian Snows section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Through Russian Snows to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Through Russian Snows

Words and structures a reader meets early in Through Russian Snows, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through Russian Snows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beric
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through Russian Snows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Briton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through Russian Snows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Condemned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through Russian Snows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.