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Through Russian Snows
Through Russian Snows

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Through Russian Snows is here in full — 451 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.
The rest and abundance of food did much to restore their _morale_.
Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.
A certain amount of clothing was also served out to the troops, and discipline restored.
The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Through Russian Snows

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Through Russian Snows is here in full — 451 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.
Line 2
The rest and abundance of food did much to restore their _morale_.
/ðə rest ənd əˈbʌndəns ʌv fuːd dɪd mʌtʃ tuː rɪˈstɔːr ðer mərˈæl/
Line 3
Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.
/neɪ hæd ˈjuːtəlaɪzd ðə taɪm ðeɪ rɪˈmeɪnd ðer tuː siː ðæt ðə ɑːrmz wɜːr ɪɡˈzæmənd ənd nuː wʌnz sɜːrvd aʊt frʌm ðə ˈmæɡəziːnz ɪn pleɪs ʌv ðoʊz faʊnd tuː biː dɪˈfektɪv/
Line 4
A certain amount of clothing was also served out to the troops, and discipline restored.
/ə ˈsɜːrtən əˈmaʊnt ʌv ˈkloʊðɪŋ wɑːz ˈɔːlsoʊ sɜːrvd aʊt tuː ðə truːps ənd ˈdɪsəplən rɪˈstɔːrd/
Line 5
The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

defective adjective US /dɪˈfektɪv/

having a defect

From this reading “Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.”

divisions noun US /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading “The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.”

incorporated adjective US /ˌɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪtɪd/

formed or united into a whole

From this reading “The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.”

morale noun US /mərˈæl/

a state of individual psychological well-being based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose

Ney noun US /neɪ/

French marshal in the Napoleonic Wars (1769-1815)

From this reading “NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.”

Smolensk noun US /smoʊˈlensk/

a city in western Russia on the Dnieper River; scene of severe fighting in World War II

From this reading “NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.”

stragglers noun US /ˈstræɡlərz/

plural of “straggler” — someone who strays or falls behind

From this reading “The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.”

utilized adjective US /ˈjuːtəlaɪzd/

put to use

From this reading “Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

certain amount adjective + noun

In this reading “A certain amount of clothing was also served out to the troops, and discipline restored.”

remained there verb + particle counted as “remain there”

In this reading “Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.”

remained at verb + particle counted as “remain at”

In this reading “NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A certain amount of clothing was also served out to the troops, and discipline restored.

abundancenounUS /əˈbʌndəns/

the property of a more than adequate quantity or supply

From this reading The rest and abundance of food did much to restore their _morale_.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading A certain amount of clothing was also served out to the troops, and discipline restored.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading A certain amount of clothing was also served out to the troops, and discipline restored.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The rest and abundance of food did much to restore their _morale_.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

belongingnounUS /bɪˈlɔːŋɪŋ/

happiness felt in a secure relationship

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading A certain amount of clothing was also served out to the troops, and discipline restored.

clothingnounUS /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

a covering designed to be worn on a person's body

From this reading A certain amount of clothing was also served out to the troops, and discipline restored.

corpsnounUS /kɔːr/

an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

dangerousadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

defectiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈfektɪv/

having a defect

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The rest and abundance of food did much to restore their _morale_.

disciplinenounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading A certain amount of clothing was also served out to the troops, and discipline restored.

divisionsnounUS /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

examinedverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmənd/

past form of “examine” — consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading The rest and abundance of food did much to restore their _morale_.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

incorporatedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪtɪd/

formed or united into a whole

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

magazinesnounUS /ˈmæɡəziːnz/

plural of “magazine” — a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

moralenounUS /mərˈæl/

a state of individual psychological well-being based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose

From this reading The rest and abundance of food did much to restore their _morale_.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The rest and abundance of food did much to restore their _morale_.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

NeynounUS /neɪ/

French marshal in the Napoleonic Wars (1769-1815)

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

NEY'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

rear-guard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

regimentsnounUS /ˈredʒəmənts/

plural of “regiment” — army unit smaller than a division

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading The rest and abundance of food did much to restore their _morale_.

restoreverbUS /rɪˈstɔːr/

return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading The rest and abundance of food did much to restore their _morale_.

restoredverbUS /rɪˈstɔːrd/

past form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading A certain amount of clothing was also served out to the troops, and discipline restored.

RETREATnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

SmolensknounUS /smoʊˈlensk/

a city in western Russia on the Dnieper River; scene of severe fighting in World War II

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

stragglersnounUS /ˈstræɡlərz/

plural of “straggler” — someone who strays or falls behind

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The rest and abundance of food did much to restore their _morale_.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The rest and abundance of food did much to restore their _morale_.

toilsomeadjective

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading A certain amount of clothing was also served out to the troops, and discipline restored.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading NEY'S RETREAT Ney's corps, as usual, had remained at Smolensk as the rear-guard of the army.

utilizedadjectiveUS /ˈjuːtəlaɪzd/

put to use

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A certain amount of clothing was also served out to the troops, and discipline restored.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Ney had utilized the time they remained there to see that the arms were examined, and new ones served out from the magazines in place of those found to be defective.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The numerous stragglers belonging to the divisions that had gone on were incorporated with his regiments, and all prepared for the toilsome and dangerous march before them.

Chapter 15 of Through Russian Snows by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 451 sentences, grouped into 91 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Through Russian Snows contain?

Chapter 15 holds 451 sentences of Through Russian Snows, unabridged, divided into 91 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Through Russian Snows by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 451 sentences, grouped into 91 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Through Russian Snows?

Work through the 91 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 91 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Through Russian Snows

Common questions about reading Through Russian Snows by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Through Russian Snows?

Yes. All 5178 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30457 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Through Russian Snows is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30457, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Through Russian Snows take to read?

About 431 minutes of reading across 1036 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Through Russian Snows section by section

How to work through Through Russian Snows section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Through Russian Snows

Words and structures a reader meets early in Through Russian Snows, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through Russian Snows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beric
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through Russian Snows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Briton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through Russian Snows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Condemned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through Russian Snows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.