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Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899
Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899 is here in full — 241 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/48 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A RACE OF FUEGIAN GIANTS HARBOURTON, Jan.
6, 1898.
The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.
In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.
They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899 is here in full — 241 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/48 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A RACE OF FUEGIAN GIANTS HARBOURTON, Jan.
Line 2
6, 1898.
Line 3
The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.
Line 4
In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.
Line 5
They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.
/ðeɪ ɑːr nɑːt æz ɪt ɪz ˈdʒenərəli səˈpoʊzd wʌn ˌhoʊməˈdʒiːniəs traɪb bʌt θriː dɪˈstɪŋkt ˈreɪsəz wɪð ˈdɪfərənt ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz ˈdɪfərənt əˈpɪrənsəz ˈdɪfərənt ˈhæbəts ənd hoʊmz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

appearances noun US /əˈpɪrənsəz/

plural of “appearance” — outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading “They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.”

giants noun US /ˈdʒaɪənts/

plural of “giant” — any creature of exceptional size

From this reading “A RACE OF FUEGIAN GIANTS HARBOURTON, Jan.”

homogeneous adjective US /ˌhoʊməˈdʒiːniəs/

all of the same or similar kind or nature

From this reading “They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.”

languages noun US /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading “They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.”

Magellan noun US /məˈdʒelən/

Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain; he commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the world (1480-1521)

From this reading “The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.”

opportunities noun US /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnətiz/

plural of “opportunity” — a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading “In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.”

races noun US /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading “They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.”

sighted adjective US /ˈsaɪtɪd/

able to see

From this reading “The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

generally supposed adverb + adjective

In this reading “They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.”

different languages adjective + noun counted as “different language”

In this reading “They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.”

almost unknown adverb + adjective

In this reading “The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.”

In connection preposition + noun

In this reading “In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1520

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

1898

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 6, 1898.

6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 6, 1898.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A RACE OF FUEGIAN GIANTS HARBOURTON, Jan.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

appearancesnounUS /əˈpɪrənsəz/

plural of “appearance” — outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

Belgica

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

FUEGIAN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A RACE OF FUEGIAN GIANTS HARBOURTON, Jan.

Fuegians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

GIANTSnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənts/

plural of “giant” — any creature of exceptional size

From this reading A RACE OF FUEGIAN GIANTS HARBOURTON, Jan.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

HARBOURTON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A RACE OF FUEGIAN GIANTS HARBOURTON, Jan.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

homesnounUS /hoʊmz/

plural of “home” — where you live at a particular time

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

homogeneousadjectiveUS /ˌhoʊməˈdʒiːniəs/

all of the same or similar kind or nature

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

JannounUS /dʒæn/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading A RACE OF FUEGIAN GIANTS HARBOURTON, Jan.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

languagesnounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

MagellannounUS /məˈdʒelən/

Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain; he commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the world (1480-1521)

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A RACE OF FUEGIAN GIANTS HARBOURTON, Jan.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

opportunitiesnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnətiz/

plural of “opportunity” — a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

RACEnounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading A RACE OF FUEGIAN GIANTS HARBOURTON, Jan.

racesnounUS /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

sightedadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪtɪd/

able to see

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

studyingnounUS /ˈstʌdiɪŋ/

reading carefully with intent to remember

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

tribenounUS /traɪb/

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading They are not, as it is generally supposed, one homogeneous tribe, but three distinct races, with different languages, different appearances, different habits and homes.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

unusualadjectiveUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəl/

not usual or common or ordinary

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

voyagenounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒ/

an act of traveling by water

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Fuegians have been described, from time to time, since the country was first sighted and named by Magellan in 1520; but to-day they still remain almost unknown.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

weather-beatenadjective

tanned and coarsened from being outdoors

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In connection with the voyage of the _Belgica_ we had unusual opportunities for studying their wild life and their weather-beaten land.

Chapter 9 of Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899 by Frederick Albert Cook holds 241 sentences, grouped into 49 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899 contain?

Chapter 9 holds 241 sentences of Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899, unabridged, divided into 49 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899 by Frederick Albert Cook exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 241 sentences, grouped into 49 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899?

Work through the 49 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 49 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #72211, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 496 minutes of reading across 1191 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899

Words and structures a reader meets early in Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Frederick
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Portions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Narrative
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Appeared
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through the first Antarctic night, 1898-1899; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.