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Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots
Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots is here in full — 191 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.
The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.
In point of numbers the patrons of the Brown Cow and the Spotted Dog were not unequal; but the Dog did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the Cow was the meeting place of the elders.
A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.
Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots is here in full — 191 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.
Line 2
The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.
/ðə ˈɔːrdərz ˈɡɪvən wɜːr fjuː ənd fɑːr bɪˈtwiːn ənd ðə mʌɡz stʊd ˈempti ɑːn ðə ˈteɪbəl fɔːr ə lɔːŋ taɪm bɪˈfɔːr ˈbiːɪŋ riˈfɪld/
Line 3
In point of numbers the patrons of theBrown Cowand theSpotted Dogwere not unequal; but theDogdid a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while theCowwas the meeting place of the elders.
/ɪn pɔɪnt ʌv ˈnʌmbərz ðə ˈpeɪtrənz ʌv ðə braʊn kaʊ ənd ðə ˈspɑːtɪd dɔːɡ wɜːr nɑːt əˈniːkwəl bʌt ðə dɔːɡ dɪd ə ˈlɑːrdʒər treɪd ðæn ɪts ˈraɪvəl fɔːr ɪt wɑːz ðə rɪˈzɔːrt ʌv ðə ˈjʌŋɡər men waɪl ðə kaʊ wɑːz ðə ˈmiːtɪŋ pleɪs ʌv ðə ˈeldərz/
Line 4
A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.
/ə mæn huː hæd ˈniːðər waɪf nɔːr tʃaɪld tuː səˈpɔːrt kʊd ˈmænədʒ ˈiːvɪn ɪn ðiːz hɑːrd taɪmz tuː peɪ fɔːr hɪz kwɔːrt ɔːr tuː ʌv ˈlɪkər ʌv æn ˈiːvnɪŋ bʌt ə paɪnt mʌɡ wɑːz ðə ˈʌtmoʊst ðæt ðoʊz huː hæd ˈʌðər maʊðz ðæn ðer oʊn tuː fɪl kʊd əˈfɔːrd/
Line 5
Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bales noun US /beɪlz/

plural of “bale” — a large bundle bound for storage or transport

From this reading “Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.”

kegs noun US /keɡz/

plural of “keg” — the quantity contained in a keg

From this reading “Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.”

landlords noun US /ˈlændlɔːrdz/

plural of “landlord” — a landowner who leases to others

From this reading “Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.”

mug noun US /mʌɡ/

the quantity that can be held in a mug

From this reading “A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.”

mugs noun US /mʌɡz/

plural of “mug” — the quantity that can be held in a mug

From this reading “The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.”

patrons noun US /ˈpeɪtrənz/

plural of “patron” — a regular customer

From this reading “In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.”

quart noun US /kwɔːrt/

a United States liquid unit equal to 32 fluid ounces; four quarts equal one gallon

From this reading “A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.”

refilled verb US /riˈfɪld/

past form of “refill” — fill something that had previously been emptied

From this reading “The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.”

All words in this reading · 136

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

affordverbUS /əˈfɔːrd/

be able to spare or give up

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

BadadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

balesnounUS /beɪlz/

plural of “bale” — a large bundle bound for storage or transport

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

baynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

BrownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

cliffsnounUS /klɪfs/

plural of “cliff” — a steep high face of rock

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

costnounUS /kɑːst/

the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

CownounUS /kaʊ/

female of domestic cattle: "“moo-cow” is a child's term"

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

DognounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

eldersnounUS /ˈeldərz/

plural of “elder” — a person who is older than you are

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

fillverbUS /fɪl/

make full, also in a metaphorical sense

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

FortunatelyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

by good fortune

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

kegsnounUS /keɡz/

plural of “keg” — the quantity contained in a keg

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

landedadjectiveUS /ˈlændəd/

owning or consisting of land or real estate

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

landlordsnounUS /ˈlændlɔːrdz/

plural of “landlord” — a landowner who leases to others

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

liquornounUS /ˈlɪkər/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

luggernoun

small fishing boat rigged with one or more lugsails

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

manageverbUS /ˈmænədʒ/

be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

moorsnounUS /mʊrz/

plural of “moor” — one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

mouthsnounUS /maʊðz/

plural of “mouth” — the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

mugnounUS /mʌɡ/

the quantity that can be held in a mug

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

mugsnounUS /mʌɡz/

plural of “mug” — the quantity that can be held in a mug

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

patronsnounUS /ˈpeɪtrənz/

plural of “patron” — a regular customer

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

pintnounUS /paɪnt/

a British imperial capacity measure (liquid or dry) equal to 4 gills or 568.26 cubic centimeters

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

purchasedverbUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəst/

past form of “purchase” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

quartnounUS /kwɔːrt/

a United States liquid unit equal to 32 fluid ounces; four quarts equal one gallon

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

refilledverbUS /riˈfɪld/

past form of “refill” — fill something that had previously been emptied

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

resortnounUS /rɪˈzɔːrt/

a hotel located in a resort area

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

rivalverbUS /ˈraɪvəl/

be equal to in quality or ability

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

SpottedadjectiveUS /ˈspɑːtɪd/

having spots or patches (small areas of contrasting color or texture)

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

thirstnounUS /θɜːrst/

a physiological need to drink

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The orders given were few and far between, and the mugs stood empty on the table for a long time before being refilled.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

tobacconounUS /təˈbækoʊ/

leaves of the tobacco plant dried and prepared for smoking or ingestion

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

unequaladjectiveUS /əˈniːkwəl/

poorly balanced or matched in quantity or value or measure

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

Varley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

vigilancenounUS /ˈvɪdʒələns/

the process of paying close and continuous attention

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Fortunately tobacco, although dear enough if purchased in the towns, cost comparatively little upon the moors, for scarce a week passed but some lugger ran in at night to some little bay among the cliffs on the eastern shore, and for the most part landed her bales and kegs in spite of the vigilance of the coast guard.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Bad as were times in Varley, the two public houses, one of which stood at either end of the village, were for the most part well filled of an evening; but this, as the landlords knew to their cost, was the result rather of habit than of thirst.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading A man who had neither wife nor child to support could manage even in these hard times to pay for his quart or two of liquor of an evening; but a pint mug was the utmost that those who had other mouths than their own to fill could afford.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading In point of numbers the patrons of the “Brown Cow” and the “Spotted Dog” were not unequal; but the “Dog” did a larger trade than its rival, for it was the resort of the younger men, while the “Cow” was the meeting place of the elders.

Chapter 2 of Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 191 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots contain?

Chapter 2 holds 191 sentences of Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots, unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 191 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 39 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 4725 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8732 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #8732, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 393 minutes of reading across 945 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots

Words and structures a reader meets early in Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Threw
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Himself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Position
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Defense
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Through the Fray: A Tale of the Luddite Riots; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.