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Thunder on the left
Thunder on the left

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Thunder on the left is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Thunder on the left
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“Children, children, don’t forget your manners.
Make a nice curtsey to Mr. Martin.”
At once they became well-regulated little dolls.
What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.
Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Thunder on the left

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Thunder on the left is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“Children, children, don’t forget your manners.
Line 2
Make a nice curtsey to Mr. Martin.”
Line 3
At once they became well-regulated little dolls.
Line 4
What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.
Line 5
Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

background noun US /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

a person's social heritage: previous experience or training

From this reading “What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.”

bobbing verb US /ˈbɑːbɪŋ/

inflected form of “bob” — move up and down repeatedly

From this reading “What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.”

bounds noun US /baʊndz/

the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something

From this reading “What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.”

composition noun US /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading “What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.”

disorders noun US /dɪˈsɔːrdərz/

plural of “disorder” — a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning

From this reading “Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.”

dolls noun US /dɑːlz/

plural of “doll” — a small replica of a person; used as a toy

From this reading “At once they became well-regulated little dolls.”

harmony noun US /ˈhɑːrməni/

compatibility in opinion and action

From this reading “What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.”

supervising noun US /ˈsuːpərvaɪzɪŋ/

management by overseeing the performance or operation of a person or group

From this reading “What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

within bounds preposition + noun

In this reading “What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.”

At once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “At once they became well-regulated little dolls.”

bad enough adjective + noun

In this reading “Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.”

in the background preposition + article + noun counted as “in … background”

In this reading “What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.”

three children noun + noun counted as “three child”

In this reading “What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Make a nice curtsey to Mr. Martin.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At once they became well-regulated little dolls.

backgroundnounUS /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

a person's social heritage: previous experience or training

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading At once they became well-regulated little dolls.

BecauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

bobbingverbUS /ˈbɑːbɪŋ/

inflected form of “bob” — move up and down repeatedly

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

boundsnounUS /baʊndz/

the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

ChildrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading “Children, children, don’t forget your manners.

compositionnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

couldn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

curtseynoun

bending the knees; a gesture of respect made by women

From this reading Make a nice curtsey to Mr. Martin.”

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

disordersnounUS /dɪˈsɔːrdərz/

plural of “disorder” — a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

dollsnounUS /dɑːlz/

plural of “doll” — a small replica of a person; used as a toy

From this reading At once they became well-regulated little dolls.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Children, children, don’t forget your manners.

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

forgetverbUS /fərˈɡet/

dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading “Children, children, don’t forget your manners.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

harmonynounUS /ˈhɑːrməni/

compatibility in opinion and action

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

Janet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading At once they became well-regulated little dolls.

MakeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Make a nice curtsey to Mr. Martin.”

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading “Children, children, don’t forget your manners.

MartinnounUS /ˈmɑːrtən/

French bishop who is a patron saint of France (died in 397)

From this reading Make a nice curtsey to Mr. Martin.”

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Make a nice curtsey to Mr. Martin.”

niceadjectiveUS /naɪs/

pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance

From this reading Make a nice curtsey to Mr. Martin.”

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading At once they became well-regulated little dolls.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

RosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

supervisingnounUS /ˈsuːpərvaɪzɪŋ/

management by overseeing the performance or operation of a person or group

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

Sylvia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At once they became well-regulated little dolls.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Make a nice curtsey to Mr. Martin.”

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Because (heavens!) it was bad enough for _her_ to feel as she did: she couldn’t endure the thought of Janet and Sylvia and Rose growing up to such--such disorders.

well-regulated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At once they became well-regulated little dolls.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading What a picture, she thought: The Curtsey ... the three children bobbing, their mother in the background, supervising as it were: seeing that Life kept within bounds, did no violence to the harmony of the composition.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Children, children, don’t forget your manners.

Chapter 4 of Thunder on the left by Christopher Morley holds 411 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Thunder on the left contain?

Chapter 4 holds 411 sentences of Thunder on the left, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Thunder on the left by Christopher Morley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 411 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Thunder on the left?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Thunder on the left

Common questions about reading Thunder on the left by Christopher Morley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Thunder on the left?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Thunder on the left is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Thunder on the left take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Thunder on the left section by section

How to work through Thunder on the left section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Thunder on the left to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Thunder on the left

Words and structures a reader meets early in Thunder on the left, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Thunder on the left, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Thunder on the left, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Thunder on the left, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.