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To Herat and Cabul
To Herat and Cabul

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of To Herat and Cabul is here in full — 245 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
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THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.
The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.
Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.
"A good deal will depend upon this first fight," Pottinger said.
"If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

To Herat and Cabul

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of To Herat and Cabul is here in full — 245 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.
Line 2
The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.
Line 3
Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.
Line 4
"A good deal will depend upon this first fight," Pottinger said.
Line 5
"If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.
/ɪf ðə ˈpɜːrʒənz ˈiːzəli riˈpʌls ðə əˈsɔːlt ɪt wɪl kɑːz ə diːp dɪˈpreʃən əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈæfɡænz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abstaining verb US /əbˈsteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “abstain” — refrain from voting

From this reading “The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.”

Afghan noun US /ˈæfɡæn/

a blanket knitted or crocheted in strips or squares; sometimes used as a shawl

From this reading “The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.”

Afghans noun US /ˈæfɡænz/

plural of “afghan” — a blanket knitted or crocheted in strips or squares; sometimes used as a shawl

From this reading “"If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.”

demonstrations noun US /ˌdemənˈstreɪʃənz/

plural of “demonstration” — a show or display; the act of presenting something to sight or view

From this reading “The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.”

Persians noun US /ˈpɜːrʒənz/

plural of “persian” — a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading “"If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.”

prudently adverb US /ˈpruːdəntli/

in a prudent manner

From this reading “The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.”

repulse verb US /riˈpʌls/

force or drive back

From this reading “"If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.”

sortie noun US /ˈsɔːrti/

a military action in which besieged troops burst forth from their position

From this reading “Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

depend upon verb + particle

be contingent on

In this reading “"A good deal will depend upon this first fight," Pottinger said.”

abstaining from verb + particle counted as “abstain from”

In this reading “The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.”

deep depression adjective + noun

In this reading “"If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.”

scowling faces adjective + noun counted as “scowling face”

In this reading “The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.”

arrived at verb + particle counted as “arrive at”

reach a destination, either real or abstract

In this reading “THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.”

took up verb + adjective counted as “take up”

pursue or resume

In this reading “THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.”

went together verb + particle counted as “go together”

In this reading “Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

22nd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

abstainingverbUS /əbˈsteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “abstain” — refrain from voting

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

AfghannounUS /ˈæfɡæn/

a blanket knitted or crocheted in strips or squares; sometimes used as a shawl

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

AfghansnounUS /ˈæfɡænz/

plural of “afghan” — a blanket knitted or crocheted in strips or squares; sometimes used as a shawl

From this reading "If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading "If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

anglenounUS /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

AngusnounUS /ˈæŋɡəs/

Celtic god of love and beauty; patron deity of young men and women

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

assaultnounUS /əˈsɔːlt/

close fighting during the culmination of a military attack

From this reading "If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading "If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

crowdedadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊdəd/

overfilled or compacted or concentrated

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading "A good deal will depend upon this first fight," Pottinger said.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading "If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.

deliverancenounUS /dɪˈlɪvərəns/

recovery or preservation from loss or danger

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

demonstrationsnounUS /ˌdemənˈstreɪʃənz/

plural of “demonstration” — a show or display; the act of presenting something to sight or view

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

dependverbUS /dɪˈpend/

be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading "A good deal will depend upon this first fight," Pottinger said.

depressionnounUS /dɪˈpreʃən/

a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity

From this reading "If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading "If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading "A good deal will depend upon this first fight," Pottinger said.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading "A good deal will depend upon this first fight," Pottinger said.

fortnightnounUS /ˈfɔːrtnaɪt/

a period of fourteen consecutive days

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading "A good deal will depend upon this first fight," Pottinger said.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

HERATnoun

a city in northwestern Afghanistan on the site of several ancient cities

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading "If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.

imprecations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

mutteredverbUS /ˈmʌtərd/

past form of “mutter” — talk indistinctly; usually in a low voice

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

north-westadverb

to, toward, or in the northwest

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

PersiannounUS /ˈpɜːrʒən/

a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

PersiansnounUS /ˈpɜːrʒənz/

plural of “persian” — a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading "If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

Pottinger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

prudentlyadverbUS /ˈpruːdəntli/

in a prudent manner

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

repulseverbUS /riˈpʌls/

force or drive back

From this reading "If the Persians easily repulse the assault, it will cause a deep depression among the Afghans.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "A good deal will depend upon this first fight," Pottinger said.

scowlingadjectiveUS /ˈskaʊlɪŋ/

sullen or unfriendly in appearance

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

Sheeahs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

SIEGEnounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

sortienounUS /ˈsɔːrti/

a military action in which besieged troops burst forth from their position

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "A good deal will depend upon this first fight," Pottinger said.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

tyrantsnounUS /ˈtaɪrənts/

plural of “tyrant” — a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading THE SIEGE OF HERAT On 22nd of November, a fortnight after Angus arrived at Herat, the Persian army took up its position on the plain to the north-west of the city.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading "A good deal will depend upon this first fight," Pottinger said.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Pottinger learned that the Afghan horse were going to make a sortie, and he and Angus went together to the north-west angle of the wall.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "A good deal will depend upon this first fight," Pottinger said.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The inhabitants crowded the walls to watch the advancing host--the Afghan portion of the population with scowling faces and muttered imprecations, the Sheeahs prudently abstaining from all demonstrations of their feelings, but filled with hopes of deliverance from their tyrants.

Chapter 4 of To Herat and Cabul by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 245 sentences, grouped into 49 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of To Herat and Cabul contain?

Chapter 4 holds 245 sentences of To Herat and Cabul, unabridged, divided into 49 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of To Herat and Cabul by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 245 sentences, grouped into 49 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of To Herat and Cabul?

Work through the 49 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 49 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading To Herat and Cabul

Common questions about reading To Herat and Cabul by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of To Herat and Cabul?

Yes. All 6073 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55779 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of To Herat and Cabul is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55779, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does To Herat and Cabul take to read?

About 506 minutes of reading across 1215 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read To Herat and Cabul section by section

How to work through To Herat and Cabul section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of To Herat and Cabul to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in To Herat and Cabul

Words and structures a reader meets early in To Herat and Cabul, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To Herat and Cabul; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Buller
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To Herat and Cabul; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Natal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To Herat and Cabul; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Point
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To Herat and Cabul; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.