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To Herat and Cabul
To Herat and Cabul

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of To Herat and Cabul is here in full — 311 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.
The Ghilzyes at once commenced their attack.
In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.
From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.
That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

To Herat and Cabul

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of To Herat and Cabul is here in full — 311 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.
Line 2
The Ghilzyes at once commenced their attack.
Line 3
In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.
Line 4
From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.
/frʌm ðə ˈhɪlsaɪdz frʌm ˈevəri ˈrɑːki kræɡ ðeɪ ˈoʊpənd ə ˈmɜːrdərəs ˈfaɪər/
Line 5
That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.
/ðæt deɪ θriː ˈθaʊzənd men fel ˈiːðər frʌm ðə ˈmʌskət ˈfaɪər ɔːr frʌm ðə naɪvz ʌv ðə ˈæfɡænz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Afghans noun US /ˈæfɡænz/

plural of “afghan” — a blanket knitted or crocheted in strips or squares; sometimes used as a shawl

From this reading “That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.”

annihilation noun US /əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən/

destruction by annihilating something

From this reading “ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.”

crag noun US /kræɡ/

a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading “From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.”

fanatics noun US /fəˈnætɪks/

plural of “fanatic” — a person motivated by irrational enthusiasm (as for a cause)

From this reading “In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.”

hillsides noun US /ˈhɪlsaɪdz/

plural of “hillside” — the side or slope of a hill

From this reading “From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.”

Khan noun US /kɑːn/

a title given to rulers or other important people in Asian countries

From this reading “In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.”

murderous adjective US /ˈmɜːrdərəs/

characteristic of or capable of or having a tendency toward killing another human being

From this reading “From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.”

musket noun US /ˈmʌskət/

a muzzle-loading shoulder gun with a long barrel; formerly used by infantrymen

From this reading “That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

three thousand noun + noun

In this reading “That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “The Ghilzyes at once commenced their attack.”

thousand men noun + noun

In this reading “That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.”

crowd of verb + particle

In this reading “ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.

AfghansnounUS /ˈæfɡænz/

plural of “afghan” — a blanket knitted or crocheted in strips or squares; sometimes used as a shawl

From this reading That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.

Akbar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.

ANNIHILATIONnounUS /əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən/

destruction by annihilating something

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

ARMYnounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Ghilzyes at once commenced their attack.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading The Ghilzyes at once commenced their attack.

chiefsnounUS /tʃiːfs/

plural of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.

commencedverbUS /kəˈmenst/

past form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The Ghilzyes at once commenced their attack.

confusionnounUS /kənˈfjuːʒən/

disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

cragnounUS /kræɡ/

a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.

crowdverbUS /kraʊd/

cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.

endeavournounUS /ɪnˈdevər/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.

fanaticsnounUS /fəˈnætɪks/

plural of “fanatic” — a person motivated by irrational enthusiasm (as for a cause)

From this reading In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.

fugitivesnounUS /ˈfjuːdʒɪtɪvz/

plural of “fugitive” — someone who flees from an uncongenial situation

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

Ghilzyes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Ghilzyes at once commenced their attack.

hillsidesnounUS /ˈhɪlsaɪdz/

plural of “hillside” — the side or slope of a hill

From this reading From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

KhannounUS /kɑːn/

a title given to rulers or other important people in Asian countries

From this reading In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.

knivesnounUS /naɪvz/

plural of “knife” — edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle

From this reading That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

murderousadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrdərəs/

characteristic of or capable of or having a tendency toward killing another human being

From this reading From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.

musketnounUS /ˈmʌskət/

a muzzle-loading shoulder gun with a long barrel; formerly used by infantrymen

From this reading That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The Ghilzyes at once commenced their attack.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

restrainverbUS /riˈstreɪn/

to close within bounds, or otherwise limit or deprive of free movement

From this reading In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.

rockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading From the hillsides, from every rocky crag they opened a murderous fire.

terribleadjectiveUS /ˈterəbəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Ghilzyes at once commenced their attack.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading That day three thousand men fell, either from the musket fire or from the knives of the Afghans.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading In vain did Akbar Khan and his chiefs endeavour to restrain the fanatics.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading ANNIHILATION OF THE ARMY In terrible confusion the crowd of fugitives--they were now nothing more--all entered the terrible pass.

Chapter 17 of To Herat and Cabul by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 311 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of To Herat and Cabul contain?

Chapter 17 holds 311 sentences of To Herat and Cabul, unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of To Herat and Cabul by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 311 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of To Herat and Cabul?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading To Herat and Cabul

Common questions about reading To Herat and Cabul by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of To Herat and Cabul?

Yes. All 6073 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55779 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of To Herat and Cabul is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55779, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does To Herat and Cabul take to read?

About 506 minutes of reading across 1215 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read To Herat and Cabul section by section

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  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in To Herat and Cabul

Words and structures a reader meets early in To Herat and Cabul, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To Herat and Cabul; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Buller
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To Herat and Cabul; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Natal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To Herat and Cabul; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Point
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To Herat and Cabul; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.