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To London Town
To London Town

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of To London Town is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for To London Town
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
And now they were nearing London indeed.
Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.
Where there was one bricklayers on scaffoldings were building shopfronts.
The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.
Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic airalmost an expressionof disappointment in every window.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

To London Town

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of To London Town is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
And now they were nearing London indeed.
/ənd naʊ ðeɪ wɜːr ˈnɪrɪŋ ˈlʌndən ˌɪnˈdiːd/
Line 2
Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.
Line 3
Where there was one bricklayers on scaffoldings were building shopfronts.
Line 4
The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.
/ðə nuː ʃɑːps hæd ə rɑː ˌdɪsəˈɡriːəbəl lʊk ənd sʌm ʌv ðiːz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈoʊldər wɜːr dʒʌst oʊld ɪˈnʌf tuː biː ˈdɜːrti wɪˈθaʊt ˈbiːɪŋ ə wɪt les ˌdɪsəˈɡriːəbəl ənd rɑː/
Line 5
Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic airalmost an expressionof disappointment in every window.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bricklayers noun US /ˈbrɪkleɪərz/

plural of “bricklayer” — a craftsman skilled in building with bricks

From this reading “Where there was one bricklayers on scaffoldings were building shopfronts.”

failures noun US /ˈfeɪljərz/

plural of “failure” — an act that fails

From this reading “Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.”

gilt adjective US /ɡɪlt/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading “Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.”

nearing verb US /ˈnɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “near” — move towards

From this reading “And now they were nearing London indeed.”

pathetic adjective US /pəˈθetɪk/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading “Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.”

prosperous adjective US /ˈprɑːspərəs/

in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich

From this reading “Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.”

raw adjective US /rɑː/

(used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only simple or minimal processes

From this reading “The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.”

whit noun US /wɪt/

a tiny or scarcely detectable amount

From this reading “The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

old enough adjective + noun

In this reading “The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And now they were nearing London indeed.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

bricklayersnounUS /ˈbrɪkleɪərz/

plural of “bricklayer” — a craftsman skilled in building with bricks

From this reading Where there was one bricklayers on scaffoldings were building shopfronts.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Where there was one bricklayers on scaffoldings were building shopfronts.

confessedverbUS /kənˈfest/

past form of “confess” — confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

dirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

disagreeableadjectiveUS /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːəbəl/

not to your liking

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

disappointmentnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/

a feeling of dissatisfaction that results when your expectations are not realized

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

failuresnounUS /ˈfeɪljərz/

plural of “failure” — an act that fails

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

giltadjectiveUS /ɡɪlt/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

GreennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading And now they were nearing London indeed.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading And now they were nearing London indeed.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

MannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

nearingverbUS /ˈnɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “near” — move towards

From this reading And now they were nearing London indeed.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading And now they were nearing London indeed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

OnceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Where there was one bricklayers on scaffoldings were building shopfronts.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

patheticadjectiveUS /pəˈθetɪk/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

plate-glass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

prosperousadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːspərəs/

in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

rawadjectiveUS /rɑː/

(used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only simple or minimal processes

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

scaffoldings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Where there was one bricklayers on scaffoldings were building shopfronts.

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

shopfronts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Where there was one bricklayers on scaffoldings were building shopfronts.

shopsnounUS /ʃɑːps/

plural of “shop” — a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And now they were nearing London indeed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

tram-lined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Where there was one bricklayers on scaffoldings were building shopfronts.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And now they were nearing London indeed.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Where there was one bricklayers on scaffoldings were building shopfronts.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

whitnounUS /wɪt/

a tiny or scarcely detectable amount

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading Some were prosperous, brilliant with gilt and plate-glass; others, which had started even with them, stood confessed failures, poor and mean, with a pathetic air—almost an expression—of disappointment in every window.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Once past the Green Man, they were on a tram-lined road, and there were shops and houses with scarce a break.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The new shops had a raw, disagreeable look, and some of these a little older were just old enough to be dirty without being a whit less disagreeable and raw.

Chapter 3 of To London Town by Arthur Morrison holds 408 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of To London Town contain?

Chapter 3 holds 408 sentences of To London Town, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of To London Town by Arthur Morrison exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 408 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of To London Town?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading To London Town

Common questions about reading To London Town by Arthur Morrison on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of To London Town?

Yes. All 3634 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58282 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of To London Town is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58282, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does To London Town take to read?

About 302 minutes of reading across 727 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read To London Town section by section

How to work through To London Town section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of To London Town to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in To London Town

Words and structures a reader meets early in To London Town, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tauchnitz
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To London Town; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To London Town; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tales
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To London Town; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Streets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To London Town; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.