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To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story
To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story

Chapter XXV · Chapter 25

Chapter 25 of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!
Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.
He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.
When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.
These tablets contained, amongst other things, records of observations of Mars!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story

Chapter XXV · Chapter 25

Chapter 25 of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story is here in full — 69 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!
Line 2
Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.
Line 3
He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.
Line 4
When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.
/wen ə ˈnʌmbər ʌv ðiːz ˈtæbləts hæd bɪn dɪˈsaɪfərd ðeɪ wɜːr faʊnd tuː kənˈteɪn ə kəmˈpliːt ˈsɪstəm ʌv fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi ˈsaɪəns ənd rɪˈlɪdʒən ənd pruːvd ðæt ðoʊz ˈeɪn.ʃənt ˈpiːpəl nuː ˈmeni θɪŋz əˈbaʊt əˈstrɑːnəmi ənd ɪn sʌm ʌv ðə ˌfʌndəˈmentəl ˈmætərz wʊd nɑːt hæv mʌtʃ tuː lɜːrn frʌm əˈstrɑːnəmərz ʌv ðə ˈprezənt deɪ/
Line 5
These tablets contained, amongst other things, records of observations of Mars!
/ðiːz ˈtæbləts kənˈteɪnd əˈmʌŋst ˈʌðər θɪŋz rəˈkɔːrdz ʌv ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz ʌv mɑːrz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

astronomers noun US /əˈstrɑːnəmərz/

plural of “astronomer” — a physicist who studies astronomy

From this reading “When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.”

astronomy noun US /əˈstrɑːnəmi/

the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

From this reading “When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.”

Bel noun US /bel/

a logarithmic unit of sound intensity equal to 10 decibels

From this reading “He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.”

chronicles noun US /ˈkrɑːnɪkəlz/

plural of “chronicle” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading “He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.”

deciphered adjective US /dɪˈsaɪfərd/

converted from cryptic to intelligible language

From this reading “When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.”

excavations noun US /ˌekskəˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “excavation” — the act of digging

From this reading “Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.”

martian noun US /ˈmɑːrʃən/

imaginary people who live on the planet Mars

From this reading “THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!”

unearthed verb US /əˈnɜːrθt/

past form of “unearth” — bring to light

From this reading “He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

23,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

2300

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

amongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading These tablets contained, amongst other things, records of observations of Mars!

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

astronomersnounUS /əˈstrɑːnəmərz/

plural of “astronomer” — a physicist who studies astronomy

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

astronomynounUS /əˈstrɑːnəmi/

the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

BelnounUS /bel/

a logarithmic unit of sound intensity equal to 10 decibels

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

ChristnounUS /kraɪst/

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

chroniclesnounUS /ˈkrɑːnɪkəlz/

plural of “chronicle” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

consistingverbUS /kənˈsɪstɪŋ/

-ing form of “consist” — originate

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

containverbUS /kənˈteɪn/

include or contain; have as a component

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading These tablets contained, amongst other things, records of observations of Mars!

containingverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

decipheredadjectiveUS /dɪˈsaɪfərd/

converted from cryptic to intelligible language

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

dugnounUS /dʌɡ/

an udder or breast or teat

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

excavationsnounUS /ˌekskəˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “excavation” — the act of digging

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

extensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstensɪv/

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

fundamentaladjectiveUS /ˌfʌndəˈmentəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

Hilprecht

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

investigationsnounUS /ˌɪnvestəˈɡeɪʃənz/

plural of “investigation” — an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

librarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

MarsnounUS /mɑːrz/

a small reddish planet that is the 4th from the sun and is periodically visible to the naked eye; minerals rich in iron cover its surface and are responsible for its characteristic color

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

MARTIANnounUS /ˈmɑːrʃən/

imaginary people who live on the planet Mars

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

Nippur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

observationsnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading These tablets contained, amongst other things, records of observations of Mars!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

penetratedverbUS /ˈpenətreɪtɪd/

past form of “penetrate” — pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

recordsnounUS /rəˈkɔːrdz/

plural of “record” — anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

remoteadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊt/

located far away spatially

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

SEASONSnounUS /ˈsiːzənz/

plural of “season” — a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

sitenounUS /saɪt/

the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located)

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

sixteenadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːn/

being one more than fifteen

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

tabletsnounUS /ˈtæbləts/

plural of “tablet” — a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

TemplenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

unearthedverbUS /əˈnɜːrθt/

past form of “unearth” — bring to light

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

viz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Professor Hilprecht, in the course of his investigations on the site of the ancient city of Nippur, made extensive excavations, and dug down and down through the ruins until he had penetrated through those of no less than sixteen different cities, which, at various times, had been built one over the other.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He unearthed the famous Temple of Bel, together with its great library, consisting of over 23,000 tablets, containing the chronicles of Bel.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading When a number of these tablets had been deciphered, they were found to contain a complete system of philosophy, science, and religion, and proved that those ancient people knew many things about astronomy, and in some of the fundamental matters would not have much to learn from astronomers of the present day.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading THE MARTIAN SEASONS Our earliest records of Mars date back to a very remote period, viz. 2300 years before the birth of Christ!

Chapter 25 of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story by Mark Wicks holds 69 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 25 of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story contain?

Chapter 25 holds 69 sentences of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 25 of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story by Mark Wicks exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 69 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 25 of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 25 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 25 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story

Common questions about reading To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story by Mark Wicks on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story?

Yes. All 2590 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #27633 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #27633, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story take to read?

About 215 minutes of reading across 518 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story section by section

How to work through To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story

Words and structures a reader meets early in To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Astronomy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eventually
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chief
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Educator
A word that appears in the opening chapter of To Mars via the Moon: An Astronomical Story; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.