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Tom Brown at Oxford
Tom Brown at Oxford

Chapter VIII · Hardy's History

Chapter VIII of Tom Brown at Oxford, “Hardy's History,” is here in full — 279 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/55 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.
He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.
It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.
"However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.
I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Tom Brown at Oxford

Chapter VIII · Hardy's History

Chapter VIII of Tom Brown at Oxford, “Hardy's History,” is here in full — 279 sentences across 56 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/55 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.
/maɪ ˈfɑːðər ɪz æn oʊld kəˈmændər ɪn ðə ˈrɔɪəl ˈneɪvi/
Line 2
He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.
/hiː wɑːz ə ˈsekənd ˈkʌzən ʌv ˈnelsənz ˈhɑːrdi ənd ðæt bɪˈliːv wɑːz wʌt led hɪm ˈɪntuː ðə ˈneɪvi fɔːr hiː hæd noʊ ˈɪntrəst ˌwʌˈtevər ʌv hɪz oʊn/
Line 3
It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.
/ɪt wɑːz ə ˈvɪzɪt wɪtʃ ˈnelsənz ˈhɑːrdi ðen ə jʌŋ luːˈtenənt peɪd tuː hɪz ˈrelətɪv maɪ ˈɡrændfɑːðər wɪtʃ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd maɪ ˈfɑːðər hiː hæz toʊld miː bʌt hiː ˈɔːlweɪz hæd ə strɔːŋ bent tuː ðə siː ðoʊ hiː wɑːz ə bɔɪ ʌv ˈveri ˈstuːdiəs ˈhæbəts/
Line 4
"However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.
Line 5
I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.
/aɪ kæn ʃoʊ juː ðə əˈkaʊnts ʌv sʌm ʌv ðə əˈferz hiː wɑːz ɪn ɪn ˈdʒeɪmzɪz ˈhɪstəri wɪtʃ juː siː ʌp ɑːn maɪ ʃelf ðer ɔːr aɪ kʊd tel ðem juː ˌmaɪˈself bʌt aɪ hoʊp sʌm deɪ juː wɪl noʊ hɪm ənd ðen juː wɪl hiːr ðem ɪn pərˈfekʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Hardy adjective US /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading “He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.”

James's noun US /ˈdʒeɪmzɪz/

possessive form of “james” — a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading “I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.”

navy noun US /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading “"My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.”

Nelson's noun US /ˈnelsənz/

possessive form of “nelson” — English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)

From this reading “He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.”

overlooked adjective US /ˈoʊvərlʊkt/

not taken into account

From this reading “"However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.”

relative noun US /ˈrelətɪv/

a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading “It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.”

shelf noun US /ʃelf/

A flat horizontal plane used to hold books or scrolls in a library.

From this reading “I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.”

studious adjective US /ˈstuːdiəs/

marked by care and effort

From this reading “It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

brave men adjective + noun

In this reading “"However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.”

second cousin noun + noun

a child of a first cousin of one's parent

In this reading “He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.”

young lieutenant adjective + noun

In this reading “It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.”

some day adjective + noun

In this reading “I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

accountsnounUS /əˈkaʊnts/

plural of “account” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading "My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

chancesnounUS /ˈtʃænsəz/

plural of “chance” — a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading "My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

couldn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading "My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

grandfathernounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðər/

the father of your father or mother

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

HardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

HistorynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

HoweveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

James'snounUS /ˈdʒeɪmzɪz/

possessive form of “james” — a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

lieutenantnounUS /luːˈtenənt/

a commissioned military officer

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

NavynounUS /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading "My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.

Nelson'snounUS /ˈnelsənz/

possessive form of “nelson” — English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading "My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

overlookedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərlʊkt/

not taken into account

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

perfectionnounUS /pərˈfekʃən/

the state of being without a flaw or defect

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

relativenounUS /ˈrelətɪv/

a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

RoyaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading "My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

shelfnounUS /ʃelf/

A flat horizontal plane used to hold books or scrolls in a library.

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

studiousadjectiveUS /ˈstuːdiəs/

marked by care and effort

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "My father is an old commander in the Royal Navy.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading He was a second cousin of Nelson's Hardy, and that, believe, was what led him into the navy, for he had no interest whatever of his own.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "However, those were times when brave men who knew and loved their profession couldn't be overlooked, and my dear old father fought his way up step by step--not very fast certainly, but, still fast enough to keep him in heart about his chances in life.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I can show you the accounts of some of the affairs he was in, in James's History, which you see up on my shelf there, or I could tell them you myself; but I hope some day, you will know him, and then you will hear them in perfection.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading It was a visit which Nelson's Hardy, then a young lieutenant, paid to his relative, my grandfather, which decided my father, he has told me: but he always had a strong bent to the sea, though he was a boy of very studious habits.

Chapter 8 of Tom Brown at Oxford by Thomas Hughes holds 279 sentences, grouped into 56 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Tom Brown at Oxford contain?

Chapter 8 holds 279 sentences of Tom Brown at Oxford, unabridged, divided into 56 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Tom Brown at Oxford by Thomas Hughes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 279 sentences, grouped into 56 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Tom Brown at Oxford?

Work through the 56 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 56 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Tom Brown at Oxford

Common questions about reading Tom Brown at Oxford by Thomas Hughes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Tom Brown at Oxford?

Yes. All 12187 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26851 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Tom Brown at Oxford is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26851, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Tom Brown at Oxford take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2438 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Tom Brown at Oxford section by section

How to work through Tom Brown at Oxford section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Tom Brown at Oxford to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Tom Brown at Oxford

Words and structures a reader meets early in Tom Brown at Oxford, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Illustrations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom Brown at Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sydney
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom Brown at Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lovell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom Brown at Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom Brown at Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.